Poisonous Plants Flashcards
what garlic is good for
antibiotic properties, lower cholesterol, lower BP
what chamomile is good for
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, improve sleep, settle stomach, sooth sore throat, relive bronchial congestion
anxiolytic, soothes dermatits
what st johns wort may be good for
mild depression
herbal remedies that increase bleeding tendecies/ thin blood similiar to NSAIDs/ acetominophen
ginko, garlic, ginger, ginseng (4 Gs)
also tumeric, feverfew, etc
why cranberry is good for cystitis
makes bladder lining slippery, bacteria cannot adhere
what are glycosides
plants substances made from simle sugars of glucose or galactose, affect the heart
examples of plants that contain alkaloids
tobacco plants (nicotine), and poppy plants (opium)
examples of plants that contain glycosides
foxglove (digitalis), oleander also contains glycosides
examples of plants that contain thiaminase
bracken fern, horse tail
why rhubarb (leaves) is considered poisonous
leaves contain oxylates, oxylate crystals damage kidneys
why poinsettias are considered poisonous
sap is irritating, burns mouth and GI tract
why philodendrons are considered poisonous
toxic sap and oxylates, burning in mouth
mistletoe effects the __
GI tract
hyacinths, daffodils, amaryllis and iris all contain what poisonous compound
alkaloids (cause GI upset)
poisonous substance in Oleander
cardiac glycosides
why lily of the valley is poisonous
cardiac glycosides, can cause v/d
poisonous substance in foxtails
cardiac glycosides (digitalis)
why bleeding hearts are poisonous
contain alkaloids; cause colic, tremors, collapse, death
why poppies are posionous
contain alkaloids; cause colic and CNS signs
plant that causes crooked calf syndrome when ingested by mom at 40-70 days of gestation
what is it
Lupine; joints fuse in developing fetus, causes dystocia and baby must be euthanized
why japanese yew is poisonous…
some other yews make taxol which helps treat____-
contain taxin (an alkaloid) v potent taxol helps treat breast cancer (its an anti-estrogen)
why azaleas are considered poisonous
make a resinoid that causes colic, salivation, collapse or death. used to commit suicide by indians
plant atropine comes from
solanum species, belladonna/ deadly nightshade
what part of the potatoe plant can be poisonous, why?
green part of potatoe (sunburned bc not covered w soil) contain alkaloids and glycosides (GI, CNS, heart)
what onions cause in cats and cattle
cats: heinz body hemolytic anemia
cattle: onion flavor to milk
why plants of the brassica family (kale, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbage) can be poisonous
GI signs, liver damage, goiterogenic (binds to iodine, making it unavailable to make thyroxine) forms goiters
oats and buckwheat ingestion causes
photosensitization
why alfalfa may be considered poisonous
contain saponin toxin that causes foamy frothy bloat (treat w surfactant)
why sweet clover, found in hay fields, is considered poisonous when made into hay
thick stems take long to dry, becomes moldy, dicoumarol forms, similiar to warfarin (causes bleeding problems, suppliment vitamin K)
pigsweed/lambsquarters causes…
what we treat it with…
nitrate poisoning (see chocolate colored blood/MM), treat w methylene blue
why fresh buttercup plants are considered poisonous
irritating sap, causes GI signs
horsetail contain a lot of _______ that is irritating to the mouth and contains _____ that leads to staggering or opisthotonus
silica (sand) and thiaminase
how we ID poison ivy plants
leaves of 3
water hemlock contains _____ which leads to convulsions and death in less than 1 hr (socrates took this to kill himself)
cicutoxin
bracken fern ingestion signs in monogastrics v cattle
contains thiaminase
mono (like horse): polioencephalomalacia signs
cows: v high fever (106F), bone marrow depression, anemia, bleeding
substance found in st johnswort that causes photosensitization
hypericum
cherry trees contain what toxic subs
cyanide (stops cellular respiration, binds to Fe so it cant bind to O2) MM turn bright red bc free O2
part of red maple tree that is poisonous to horse, why?
wilted leaves, causes breakdown of hgb to methemoglobin, damages kidneys
how veratrum calliforncium (corn lillies) cause cyclopia in lambs
mother ingests plant on day 13 of gestation
this seed/nut can be ground up and put in water to stun fish
common horse-chestnut
weeds that are safe to train cows to eat
thistle, ragweed, goldenrod, etc
plants that cause crooked calf disease
several species of lupin, locoweeds, tree tobacco, poion hemlock
