Feeding for Maintenance Flashcards
when small breed and giant breed dogs reach mature size
small: <1 yr
giant: up to 3yrs
table scraps should make up no more than __% of diet
no more than 10% (high in fat)
why most bones are bad to give to chew on (except soup bones/ big bones)
splinters, ham bones can get caught on teeth, can lead to constipation or bowel obstruction
possible reasons animals eat grass
like the taste, deficient in roughage (fiber), stimulate vomiting (if feeling sick), worms (get out of system)
toxic substance (s) in chocolate
methyxanthines: theobromine and caffenine
how much milk chocolate v semisweet chocolate can cause death
milk= 1 ounce/ # semi= 0.1 ounce/ #
chocolate ingestion can cause what
tremors. seizures, coma, death
examples of emetics we could give an animal that has ingested chocolate
apomorphine, ipecac, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), xylazine (Rompun)
what we could give an animal who ate chocolate to control seizures
phenobarbital or valium
what we would give an animal that has ingested chocolate after giving an emetic
activated charcoal (binds to chocolate that hasnt been ingested; and a cathartic) fluids, steroids (for shock)
how apomorphine is given
tab or crush/mix w water, put in conjunctival sac, rinse after vomiting occurs
t or f: a dehydrated animal should get food immediatly
F: give water first, allow to absorb, then give food
what is a “hotter” ration
feed w more caloric density
why a rapid change in feed is esp bad in cattle
shocks the microbes in rumen; may not eat or experience diarrhea
effects of being overweight on female reproduction
decreased conception, increased embryo mortality, whelping issues (fat pads in birth canal)
gestation in d/c and cattle
d/c= 9 weeks cattle= 9 months
__% of fecal growth occurs during that last trimester
90%
when during pregnancy we may want to switch to a higher energy feed
how should feed be given during pregnancy? (restricted or ad lib)
1/2 way through
feed ad lib bc enlarged uterus shrinks intestines, must eat smaller meals at once
indications a pregnant dog is going whelp soon
24hrs prior eating stops, body temp often drops 1 degree F
when does milk production peak
4 weaks post partum
when does eclampsia most commonly occur in dogs?
often 4 weeks post partum (peak milk production), small breed dogs w small bone masses
signs of eclampsia in dog
temp 105F, seizures, trembling
ways to treat eclampsia
IV calcium, increase dietary calcium (cheese, pet cal, tums), if they relapse wean their puppies
when preventing eclampsia, when should we supplement calcium
post partum;
not pre partum! slows down parathyroid gland that draws calcium from bone
age we wean puppies
4-8 wks
ways to wean puppies/kitties; which way is best?
acute food deprivation for 24 hours stops lactation
or gradually wean as pups leave 1 by 1, mom gradually dries up (better)
how long we feed puppy food to small breeds vs large breeds, why?
small= up to 1 yr large= up to 6 months (unless large breed specific) bc could grow too fast and get fat quickly. extra weight on growing bones increases risk of hip dysplasia
__% of dogs in US are overweight
dogs: 30%
how overfeeding young predisposes animal to overweight and joint problems
hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells, once present do not go away (may shrink)
possible reasons a pet is intaking too many calories
increased palatability, competition between pets, neutered (satiety centers not functioning well)
what dogs become considered old sooner? large breeds or small breeds
large old sooner
general geriatric age for dogs and cats
d= 7
cats=8
examples of medical reasons an animal may have trouble maintaining weight
kidney disease, liver disease, EPI, cushings, thyroid disease
obesity means the animal is __% over ideal weight
20%
how slentrol works in dogs to help lose weight
reduces fat absorption and reduces appetite
number one reason for obesity and other health disorders in small herbivores
innapropriate diet
once neutered, energy needs decrese __%
25-30%
if a cat is not eating enough protein, its body starts taking energy from _____
from muscle mass (can lead to changes in fat metabolism)
digestive enzyme cats do not have
amylase (difficult to digest carbs, stored as fat)
the “hunger hormone” and what it does
ghrelin; stimulates appetite and triggers release of growth hormone from pituitary gland (increases muslce and fat)
orexigenic v anorexigenic neurons in hypothalamus
stimulates appetite vs suppresses
ghrelin stimulates orexigenic and inhibits anorexigenic
how Entyce works to as appetite stimulant
ghrelin receptor agonist
it has been found that cats on (Dry or wet) food diets are more prone to obesity
dry
