Feeding for Maintenance

Question 1

when small breed and giant breed dogs reach mature size

Answer 1

small: <1 yr
giant: up to 3yrs

Question 2

table scraps should make up no more than __% of diet

Answer 2

no more than 10% (high in fat)

Question 3

why most bones are bad to give to chew on (except soup bones/ big bones)

Answer 3

splinters, ham bones can get caught on teeth, can lead to constipation or bowel obstruction

Question 4

possible reasons animals eat grass

Answer 4

like the taste, deficient in roughage (fiber), stimulate vomiting (if feeling sick), worms (get out of system)

Question 5

toxic substance (s) in chocolate

Answer 5

methyxanthines: theobromine and caffenine

Question 6

how much milk chocolate v semisweet chocolate can cause death

Answer 6

milk= 1 ounce/ #
semi= 0.1 ounce/ #

Question 7

chocolate ingestion can cause what

Answer 7

tremors. seizures, coma, death

Question 8

examples of emetics we could give an animal that has ingested chocolate

Answer 8

apomorphine, ipecac, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), xylazine (Rompun)

Question 9

what we could give an animal who ate chocolate to control seizures

Answer 9

phenobarbital or valium

Question 10

what we would give an animal that has ingested chocolate after giving an emetic

Answer 10

activated charcoal (binds to chocolate that hasnt been ingested; and a cathartic) fluids, steroids (for shock)

Question 11

how apomorphine is given

Answer 11

tab or crush/mix w water, put in conjunctival sac, rinse after vomiting occurs

Question 12

t or f: a dehydrated animal should get food immediatly

Answer 12

F: give water first, allow to absorb, then give food

Question 13

what is a “hotter” ration

Answer 13

feed w more caloric density

Question 14

why a rapid change in feed is esp bad in cattle

Answer 14

shocks the microbes in rumen; may not eat or experience diarrhea

Question 15

effects of being overweight on female reproduction

Answer 15

decreased conception, increased embryo mortality, whelping issues (fat pads in birth canal)

Question 16

gestation in d/c and cattle

Answer 16

d/c= 9 weeks
cattle= 9 months

Question 17

__% of fecal growth occurs during that last trimester

Answer 17

90%

Question 18

when during pregnancy we may want to switch to a higher energy feed
how should feed be given during pregnancy? (restricted or ad lib)

Answer 18

1/2 way through

feed ad lib bc enlarged uterus shrinks intestines, must eat smaller meals at once

Question 19

indications a pregnant dog is going whelp soon

Answer 19

24hrs prior eating stops, body temp often drops 1 degree F

Question 20

when does milk production peak

Answer 20

4 weaks post partum

Question 21

when does eclampsia most commonly occur in dogs?

Answer 21

often 4 weeks post partum (peak milk production), small breed dogs w small bone masses

Question 22

signs of eclampsia in dog

Answer 22

temp 105F, seizures, trembling

Question 23

ways to treat eclampsia

Answer 23

IV calcium, increase dietary calcium (cheese, pet cal, tums), if they relapse wean their puppies

Question 24

when preventing eclampsia, when should we supplement calcium

Answer 24

post partum;

not pre partum! slows down parathyroid gland that draws calcium from bone

Question 25

age we wean puppies

Answer 25

4-8 wks

Question 26

ways to wean puppies/kitties; which way is best?

Answer 26

acute food deprivation for 24 hours stops lactation

or gradually wean as pups leave 1 by 1, mom gradually dries up (better)

Question 27

how long we feed puppy food to small breeds vs large breeds, why?

Answer 27

small= up to 1 yr
large= up to 6 months (unless large breed specific) bc could grow too fast and get fat quickly. extra weight on growing bones increases risk of hip dysplasia

Question 28

__% of dogs in US are overweight

Answer 28

dogs: 30%

Question 29

how overfeeding young predisposes animal to overweight and joint problems

Answer 29

hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells, once present do not go away (may shrink)

Question 30

possible reasons a pet is intaking too many calories

Answer 30

increased palatability, competition between pets, neutered (satiety centers not functioning well)

Question 31

what dogs become considered old sooner? large breeds or small breeds

Answer 31

large old sooner

Question 32

general geriatric age for dogs and cats

Answer 32

d= 7

cats=8

Question 33

examples of medical reasons an animal may have trouble maintaining weight

Answer 33

kidney disease, liver disease, EPI, cushings, thyroid disease

Question 34

obesity means the animal is __% over ideal weight

Answer 34

20%

Question 35

how slentrol works in dogs to help lose weight

Answer 35

reduces fat absorption and reduces appetite

Question 36

number one reason for obesity and other health disorders in small herbivores

Answer 36

innapropriate diet

Question 37

once neutered, energy needs decrese __%

Answer 37

25-30%

Question 38

if a cat is not eating enough protein, its body starts taking energy from _____

Answer 38

from muscle mass (can lead to changes in fat metabolism)

Question 39

digestive enzyme cats do not have

Answer 39

amylase (difficult to digest carbs, stored as fat)

Question 40

the “hunger hormone” and what it does

Answer 40

ghrelin; stimulates appetite and triggers release of growth hormone from pituitary gland (increases muslce and fat)

Question 41

orexigenic v anorexigenic neurons in hypothalamus

Answer 41

stimulates appetite vs suppresses

ghrelin stimulates orexigenic and inhibits anorexigenic

Question 42

how Entyce works to as appetite stimulant

Answer 42

ghrelin receptor agonist

Question 43

it has been found that cats on (Dry or wet) food diets are more prone to obesity

Answer 43

dry