Poisoned Pets

Question 1

clinical signs of anticoagulant rat bait ingestion

Answer 1

bloody stool (melena), bloody nose (epistaxis), hemotomas

Question 2

rat bait containing bromethalin or strychnine ingestion clinical signs

Answer 2

seizures

Question 3

clinical signs of ingestion of insecticides w cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates or carbamates)

Answer 3

SLUTD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation)

Question 4

clinical signs associated w methylxanthine ingestion

Answer 4

vomiting, hyperactivity, tachycardia, arrythmias

Question 5

signs of acetaminophen ingestion in cats

Answer 5

anorexia, salivation, vomiting

progresses to depression and methemoglobinemia (alteration in hgb, cant carry O2)

Question 6

first step in stablizing critical patient

Answer 6

ensure airway patency, breathing, and cardiovasuclar functions are adequate

Question 7

rate of IV fluids for hypovolemic animals in first hour

Answer 7

60-90 ml/kg/hour

Question 8

emetics should be used w/in __ hrs of ingestion of toxic substance

Answer 8

4hrs

Question 9

a gastric lavage to reduce toxin absorption can be done w/in __hrs of ingestion

Answer 9

2-3hrs (use when emetics not effective, emetics more effective)

Question 10

an adsorbant may be given how long after emesis? why?

Answer 10

30-60min; binds to components in GI tract to prevent absorption and allows to pass in feces

Question 11

a cathartic can be given how long after adsorbant? why?

Answer 11

30 min; facilitate elimination and reduction of absorption

Question 12

recommended adsorbant and cathartic

Answer 12

activated charcoal and sodium sulfate

Question 13

an emema may be given to

Answer 13

eliminate toxins from colon

Question 14

cats and small dogs risk from hypertonic phosphate enemas

Answer 14

hyperphosphatenemia and hypocalcemia (avoid use in animals w compromised renal function, use warm water+soap)

Question 15

what is am enterogastric lavage and in what case may it be done

Answer 15

endotracheal tube +stomach tube + enema, fluid runs thro GI tract to stomach tube until clear
lethal ingestion of certain agents

Question 16

examples of GI protectants

Answer 16

Dogs= bismuth subsalicylate
d/c= sucralfate

Question 17

difference between physiologic and specific antidotes

Answer 17

physiologic- antagonize clinical signs, not toxin specific

specific- directly or indirecly antagonize a toxin

Question 18

how diuretics work to reduce absorption of something already absorbed

Answer 18

quicken elmination, reduce passive reabsorption from glomerus filtrate

Question 19

treatment for acidosis should begin if blood ph is below __ and bicarbonate concentration is below __

Answer 19

7.2; 17 mEq/L

Question 20

the strongest concentration of theobromine a pet is likely to encounter is in

Answer 20

cocoa mulch

Question 21

how to measure tube length for gastric lavage

Answer 21

tip of nose to last rib

Question 22

possible meds for seizure control

Answer 22

diazepam, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, propofol

Question 23

grape/ raisen ingestion can cause

Answer 23

stomach upset, kidney failure

Question 24

signs of antifreeze ingestion

Answer 24

vomiting, loss of coordination, depression, seizures, kidney failure (acute failure w/in 24-36 hours)