therapeutics 3

Question 1

radio therapy uses which type of EM waves

Answer 1

short wavelength and high frequencing

Question 2

types of ways use in radiotherpay

Answer 2

gamma, beta, electron beams, x ray

Question 3

radiotherapy is used

Answer 3

to destroy or damage cancer cells by breaking the DNA inside. This prevent the cancer cells from growing and dividing- death
- nearby cells may be affected but most recover

Question 4

positive of radiotherapy

Answer 4

online chemotherapy, which exposes the whole body to dance fighting drugs, radiotherapy only eposes a localised area

Question 5

imiquimod

Answer 5

a topical cream applied to pre/ cancerous skin legions e.g. BCC and viral warts.

• activates TLR7 and TLR8, triggering inflammation so immune cells come and attack the cancer cells

Question 6

negatives of imiquimod

Answer 6

can induce ‘psoriasis-like’ inflammation

Question 7

immunosuppressants are used

Answer 7

-supress the immune system in those with autoimmune disorders and prevent transplant rejection

Question 8

patients who received immunosuppressant are

Answer 8

way more likely to get infections from opportunistic pathogens

Question 9

admin of immunosuppresant

Answer 9

• administered just after transplant to stop the body rejecting the new organ
• maintainince drug required throughout lifetime of graft= Calcineurin inhibitors

Question 10

name 5 types of immunosuppressants

Answer 10

• glucocorticoids
• cytostatics
• antibodies
• drugs acting on immunophilins (calcineurin)
• other drugs

Question 11

glucocorticoids

Answer 11

suppress allergic, inflammatory disorders, preventing acute rejecting

Question 12

cytostatic

Answer 12

B and T cell division inhibitors

Question 13

antibodies

Answer 13

prevent acute rejection

-quicka nd ptoentn

Question 14

Drugs acting on immunophilin

Answer 14

CALCINEUIRN INHIBITORS

Question 15

other drugs

Answer 15

-opioda , interferon, TNF-bidnign proteins

Question 16

mechanism of action of immunosuppressant drug CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS

Answer 16

• calcineurin inhibitors stops caclinceurin receptor from removing a phosphate from NF-AT
• NF-AT unable to translocate to the nucleus
• no transcription of IL-2

Question 17

IL-2

Answer 17

B and T cells

Question 18

calcineurin is a

Answer 18

phosphatase

Question 19

DMARDS

Answer 19

disease modifying ant-rheumatic drugs

Question 20

ne five dmards

Answer 20

• anti-TF mAbs
• monotrexate
• NSAIDS
• ciclosporin
• corticosteroids

Question 21

monotrexarte

Answer 21

folic acid antagonist- cytotoxic

- liver toxicity, nausea, diarrhoea

Question 22

ciclopsorin

Answer 22

inhibits IL-2 gene transcription

- less CD4 and CD8

Question 23

corticosteorids

Answer 23

inhibits transcription of Il-2, TNF, INFy, IL-1

e.g. hydrocortison

Question 24

botox

Answer 24

uses the botulism toxin to prevent vesicle release at the NMJ

• paralysing the underlying muscle
• inhibits the release of AC by cleaving SNARE proteins, preventing them from being able to release NT into the synaptic clef

Question 25

neostigimine

Answer 25

inhibits AChE activity

• used to treat Myasthenia graves
• slows down the breakdown of ACG, therefore more NT available for functioning ACh nicotinic receptors
• less muscle rigidity

Question 26

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 26

a condition where ACh nicotinic receptors are damaged or blocked due to the immune system