therapeutics 3 Flashcards
radio therapy uses which type of EM waves
short wavelength and high frequencing
types of ways use in radiotherpay
gamma, beta, electron beams, x ray
radiotherapy is used
to destroy or damage cancer cells by breaking the DNA inside. This prevent the cancer cells from growing and dividing- death
- nearby cells may be affected but most recover
positive of radiotherapy
online chemotherapy, which exposes the whole body to dance fighting drugs, radiotherapy only eposes a localised area
imiquimod
a topical cream applied to pre/ cancerous skin legions e.g. BCC and viral warts.
- activates TLR7 and TLR8, triggering inflammation so immune cells come and attack the cancer cells
negatives of imiquimod
can induce ‘psoriasis-like’ inflammation
immunosuppressants are used
-supress the immune system in those with autoimmune disorders and prevent transplant rejection
patients who received immunosuppressant are
way more likely to get infections from opportunistic pathogens
admin of immunosuppresant
- administered just after transplant to stop the body rejecting the new organ
- maintainince drug required throughout lifetime of graft= Calcineurin inhibitors
name 5 types of immunosuppressants
- glucocorticoids
- cytostatics
- antibodies
- drugs acting on immunophilins (calcineurin)
- other drugs
glucocorticoids
suppress allergic, inflammatory disorders, preventing acute rejecting
cytostatic
B and T cell division inhibitors
antibodies
prevent acute rejection
-quicka nd ptoentn
Drugs acting on immunophilin
CALCINEUIRN INHIBITORS
other drugs
-opioda , interferon, TNF-bidnign proteins
mechanism of action of immunosuppressant drug CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
- calcineurin inhibitors stops caclinceurin receptor from removing a phosphate from NF-AT
- NF-AT unable to translocate to the nucleus
- no transcription of IL-2
IL-2
B and T cells
calcineurin is a
phosphatase
DMARDS
disease modifying ant-rheumatic drugs
ne five dmards
- anti-TF mAbs
- monotrexate
- NSAIDS
- ciclosporin
- corticosteroids
monotrexarte
folic acid antagonist- cytotoxic
- liver toxicity, nausea, diarrhoea
ciclopsorin
inhibits IL-2 gene transcription
- less CD4 and CD8
corticosteorids
inhibits transcription of Il-2, TNF, INFy, IL-1
e.g. hydrocortison
botox
uses the botulism toxin to prevent vesicle release at the NMJ
- paralysing the underlying muscle
- inhibits the release of AC by cleaving SNARE proteins, preventing them from being able to release NT into the synaptic clef
neostigimine
inhibits AChE activity
- used to treat Myasthenia graves
- slows down the breakdown of ACG, therefore more NT available for functioning ACh nicotinic receptors
- less muscle rigidity
Myasthenia gravis
a condition where ACh nicotinic receptors are damaged or blocked due to the immune system
