bacterial staining, CSF and ABG blood gas Flashcards
gram negative
pink- thin peptidoglycan
gram positive
purple- thick
Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram positive
- diplococci
- purple
listeria monocytogene
gram positive
- rod
- purple
Haemophilus influenzae
gram negative
- rod
- pink
Neiseria meningitidis
- gram negative
- diplococci
- pink
substances have to be
lipophilic to pass the membrane
proteins in CSF
less than 1% of plasma
glucose in CSF
60% of blood plasma
RBCs in CSF
none- unless trauma
WBCs in CSF
less than 5 cells/cm- unless infection
cells in CSF
none- should be clear
bacterial meningitis
- increase in leukocytes (neutrophils)
- decreased glucose (less than 50%)
viral men
increase in lymphocytes, normal glucose
fungal
increase in lymphocytes, decreased glucose
normal pH of blood
7.35- 7.45
pCO2 of blood
4.5- 6.0 kPa
pO2 of blood
11-13kPa
O2 stats
96% +
HCO3-
25 +- 2 mol/l
broadly if the imbalance in pH is causes by carbon dioxide
respiratory
pH imbalance caused by HCO3
metabolic
if the body is too acidic
breathing rate will increase to try and ventilate out CO2
blood gas for respiratory acidosis
- low pH
- high CO2
- normal HCO3
blood gas for respiratory alkalosis
- high pH
- low CO2
- normal HCO3
blood gas for metabolic acidosis
- low pH
- low HCO3-
- normal CO2
blood gas for metabolic alkalosis
- high pH
- high HCO3-
- normal CO2
why is HCO3 considered metabolic
produced by the body
why dos high HCO3- mean metabolic alkalosis
more HCO3- to mop up excess H+ ions
why does low HCO3- mean metabolic acidosis
less HCO3- to mop up H+ ions
