Nervous system PPQ Flashcards
Needle phobic pt has a marked nervous system response where most of the response is by noradrenaline action released form post ganglionic sympathetic neurones acting on adrenoreceptors but which part of the response results form acetyl choline action at muscarinic receptors?
Adrenaline release Bronchodilation Sweating Tachycardia Vasoconstriction
Sweating
The parasympathetic preganglionic neutron is long & releases acetyl choline? T or F
True
Ganglia are in or near the target organ in the parasympathetic system
Which neurotransmitter is released from the terminal bouton of the motor neurone? Acetylcholine Glutamate GABA 5-hydroxytryptamine Noradrenaline
Acetylcholine
What enzyme terminates neurotransmitter signalling to the motor endplate?
Phoholipase C Acetylcholine esterase SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulin ATPase) Adenylate cyclase Acetyl Coenzyme A
Acetylcholine esterase
34 old woman goes to her doctor with a three month history of weakness and fatigue, which worsened as the day progresses. She has droopy eyelids, and examination shows her and able to sustain strong muscle activity. Myasthenia gravis is confirmed. What is the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease?
Reduced acetylcholine synthesis
Reduced acetylcholine release
Increased acetylcholinesterase release
Depletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Depletion of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Depletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Many pharmacological agents act at receptors which convert a chemical signal into a physiological response. Different classes of receptors exist which use different mechanisms to convert the signal into a response. Which of the following receptors would elicit the most rapid physiological response? Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic (M2) acetylcholine receptor Glucocorticoid receptor Erythropoietin (EPO) receptor Beta(beta1) adrenergic receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
You are carrying out research project in which you are required to measure calcium influx by inositol(1,4,5)triphosphate(IP3) signalling in smooth muscle. Which type of receptor utilises the second messenger? Tyrosine kinase receptor Ligand-gated ion channel Galpha 1 receptor Galpha q receptor Galpha s receptor Ligand-gated on channel
Galpha q receptor
Skeletal myofibre contraction is initiated by rising intracellular calcium mediated by the release of this ion from the sarcoplasmic reticulin am. To which protein does calcium then bind? Actin Myosin Troponin C Troponin I Tropmyosin
Troponin C
The H band or zone of the sarcomere of striated muscle is lighter than the rest of the A band. Which protein is present in this region? Actin Myosin Dystrophin Troponin I Titin
Myosin
Depolarisation of the sarcolemmal T (transverse) tubules in skeletal muscle leads to the opening of voltage gated L-type calcium channels (dihydropyridine receptors). What causes the ryandine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle to open?
K+ influx
Increased intracellular cAMP
Mechanical coupling to the dihydrocodeine receptor
Calcium influx into myofibre (calcium induced calcium release)
Binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Mechanical coupling to the dihydrocodeine receptor
There are 33 pairs of spinal nerve - true or false
False
there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves but 33 vertebrae in the spine-7 cervical, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (fused)
Unrinary incontinence is common in patients with spina bifida. This is a consequence of damage to which structure ? Cranial nerve Peripheral nerve Sacral nerve Striated muscle Smooth muscle
Sacral nerve
Which spinal nerve is responsible for voiding/emptying the bladder? Glossopharyngeal (CNIX) Vagus nerve (CN X) Pelvic nerve (S2-4) Hypogastric nerve (T10-L2)
Pelvic nerve (S2-4)
Mirabegron is a selective beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist. What impact will that have on bladder function?
Relax bladder detrusor muscle Constrict internal sphincter Relax external sphincter Relax internal sphincter Contract bladder detrusor muscle
Relax bladder detrusor muscle
Darifenacin isa selective M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist. What impact will that have on bladder function?
Relax bladder detrusor muscle Constrict internal sphincter Relax external sphincter Relax internal sphincter Contract bladder detrusor muscle
Relax bladder detrusor muscle
