therapeutics 2

Question 1

T-PA

Answer 1

tissue plasminogen activator

• activates plasminogen
• which activates
• plasmin which breaks down fibrin- fibrinolysis

Question 2

if an infection allows natural immunity

Answer 2

then vaccine can be produce

Question 3

types of vaccines

Answer 3

1) live attenuated
2) dead
3) subunit
4) toxoid
5) DNA

Question 4

CD4

Answer 4

orchestrates an immune repsonse

Question 5

CD8

Answer 5

killing

Question 6

live vaccines (usually viral)

Answer 6

• living but disables- unable to cause disease
• induce antibody, D4, CD8
• bets mimic
• however risk of reversion

Question 7

Dead

Answer 7

uses the killed version - radiation or chemicals

• whole cell
• immunity nit as effective

Question 8

subunit

Answer 8

only certain fragments are introduced (e.g. proteins and polysaccharides) e.g. F1 and V in plague

• pure- few side effect
• induces antibodies and CD4+

Question 9

DNA vaccine

Answer 9

• identify and produce gene coding for a vaccine compound e.g. a protein
• DNA taken up by cells in the body
• cells produce proteins
• immune response

Question 10

passive antural

Answer 10

antibodies from mother e.g. in milk

Question 11

active natural

Answer 11

body makes own antibodies after exposure

Question 12

pass artificial

Answer 12

another source of antibodies given e.g. immunoglobulins e.g. direct injection to tetanus antibodies

Question 13

active artificial

Answer 13

body makes antigens after pathogen given in some form e.g. vaccine

Question 14

B-lactams

Answer 14

penicillin, cephalosporins and monobactams- stop cell wall synthesis

Question 15

Benzylpenicillin

Answer 15

narrow spectrum, Neisseria and Haemophilis

Question 16

3rd gen cephalosporins

Answer 16

BROAD SPEC

Question 17

penicillin and cephalopsorns

Answer 17

diffuse well into the bode and fluid–> able to penetrate into CSF
–> IV or IM

Question 18

Blactams

Answer 18

cell wall synthesis

Question 19

glycopeptides

Answer 19

cell wall synthesis

Question 20

sulfanomides

Answer 20

bacterial folate synthesis

Question 21

quinolones

Answer 21

DNA synthesis ( DAN gyrate)

Question 22

tetracycline

Answer 22

protein synthesis and bacteriostatic

Question 23

Aminoglycosides

Answer 23

protein synthesis and bacteriocidal

Question 24

Macrolides

Answer 24

protein synthesis- binds to 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 25

ampheicols

Answer 25

protein synthesis and bacteriostatic

• bactericidal for H. influenza
• bind to 50s ribosome subunit

Question 26

IL-2

Answer 26

proliferation of immune cells e.g. B and T

Question 27

IL-1

Answer 27

proliferation of keratinocytes

Question 28

NSAIDS

Answer 28

target arachidonic acid pathway

Question 29

NSAIDS reduce the production of….. from

Answer 29

prostaglandins from arachidonic acid

Question 30

prostaglandins

Answer 30

increase fever, inflammation and pain

Question 31

what do NSAIDS inhibit

Answer 31

COX enzymes

Question 32

COX-1

Answer 32

expressed all the time- prostaglandin produce protective substances e.g. mucus to protect the stomach

Question 33

COX-2

Answer 33

only expressed during inflammation- target for drugs nw days

Question 34

examples of NSAIDS

Answer 34

ibuprofen, aspirin, dipliofenic

Question 35

NSAIDS decrease

Answer 35

uncomforted when we are unwell

Question 36

side effects of NSAIDS

Answer 36

vomiting, diarrhoea, ulcers, bleeding, kidney failure

Question 37

why increase in bleeding with NSAIDS

Answer 37

thromboxane produces platelets- clotting