anaesthesia drugs and L-dopa

Question 1

anaesthesia

Answer 1

muscle relaxation

Question 2

muscle relaxants are

Answer 2

NMJ blockers - prvemt normal action of ACh

Question 3

two types pf actions of muscle relaxants

Answer 3

depolarising and non polarisation

Question 4

depolarising

Answer 4

e. g. succinylcholine
- 2 ACh joined together- antagonistic to AChr
- causes constant depolar

Question 5

what metabolises succinyl choline

Answer 5

AChE

Question 6

Non-depolarising

Answer 6

• curare derivatives

- prevents ACh binding to the receptor

Question 7

Opioids signal via

Answer 7

Gi/Go

Question 8

Opioids and Gi/Go

Answer 8

• decrease conc of cAMP
• decrease conc of PKA- less phosphorylation of VOCCS
• potassium channels open
• less depolarisation

Question 9

analgesia

Answer 9

inhibiting the feeling of pain

Question 10

three opioid receptors

Answer 10

mu, delta , kappa - all responsible for diff roles

Question 11

examples of opioids

Answer 11

codeine, diamorphine, tramadol

Question 12

how do opioids prevent pain in dorsal horn

Answer 12

inhibition down from the brain to the spine

Question 13

where do opioids work

Answer 13

site of injury- prevent inflammatory mediators from being released (allodynia)

Question 14

ketamine

Answer 14

IV anaesthesisa

• antagonises NMDA receptors
• stopping glutamate from being excitatory
• causing inhibitory state

Question 15

Propofol/ thiopental

Answer 15

• IV
• Hypnosis effect
• activates GABAa receptors

Question 16

Propofol and GABAa

Answer 16

opens Cl- channels- hyperpolarisation- reduced excitability

Question 17

anticonvulsant drug

Answer 17

used for treatment of neuropathic prom
-enhanced GABAa

• also blocks sodium/ calcium channels
• reducing the release of excitatory glutamate

Question 18

local anaesthetic

Answer 18

produced anaesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve ending or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves

• achieved by reversibly binding to sodium channels- voltage gated
• decreasing rate of depolarising and repolarisation

Question 19

local anaesthetic binds more readily

Answer 19

to activate Na+ channels- therefore neuronal blockade is fast in rapidly firing neurones
STATE DEPENDENT BLOCKADE

Question 20

seratonin

Answer 20

lack contributing to mood problems

-metabolised by MAOI

Question 21

negative of MAOis

Answer 21

associated with high BP

Question 22

L-dopa

Answer 22

dopamine is hydrophobic so cannot pass BBB

- L dopa used to treat parkinsons, to help increase control of movement due to death of DA neurones

Question 23

carbidopa

Answer 23

prevent l-DOPA from being converted to dopamine in the periphery

Question 24

COMPT inhibitors

Answer 24

prevents LDOPA from being converted to 3-O-mehtyldopa

Question 25

DCC

Answer 25

converted LDOPA to dopamaine

Question 26

MAO-B

Answer 26

converts dopamine to useless metabolites

Question 27

MAO-Is

Answer 27

selegilline

- prevents MAO from converting dopamine to useless metabolites

Question 28

Deep brain stimulation

Answer 28

a neurosurgical procedure where neurosimulator is implanted into he brain
-send s electrical impulses through implanted electrodes to specific targets in the brain

–> increases blood flow and therefore availability of NT

Question 29

antipsychotic

Answer 29

excess dopamine is associated with schizophrenia

• these drugs have a high affinity for dopamine receptors
• no depolarisation
• can lead to symptoms of parkinsons