The Wrist, Carpal Tunnel and Hand (AP) Flashcards
Which structures form the carpal tunnel?
- Carpal bones
- Flexor retinaculum
Contents of the carpal tunnel
- Median nerve
- Tendons of flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
- Painful paraesthesia
- Numbness in thumb, index, middle and medial side of ring fingers
Phalanges of digits 2-5
- Proximal
- Middle
- Distal
Phalanges of the thumb
- Proximal
- Distal
What movements are attainable at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Circumduction
- Limited rotation
What movements are attainable at the interphalangeal joints?
- Flexion
- Extension
What are extrinsic muscles of the hand?
Muscles that originate outside of the hand and insert into hand structures
What are intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Muscles with origin and insertion in the hand
What do extrinsic muscles of the hand control?
Gross movement of the hand and wrist
What do intrinsic muscles of the hand control?
Fine motor movements
8 carpal bones (lateral to medial for each row, proximal then distal row)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
What is the thenar eminence?
Fleshy mound at base of the thumb
Which muscles form the thenar eminence?
- Opponens pollicis
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
Which nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Median nerve
What is the hypothenar eminence?
Fleshy mound at base of fifth digit
Which muscles form the hypothenar eminence?
- Opponens digiti minimi
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Which nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar nerve
Borders of the anatomical snuffbox
- Radial styloid process (proximal)
- Base of 1st metacarpal (distal)
- Scaphoid and trapezium (floor)
- Extensor pollicis longus (medial)
- Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (lateral)
Contents of the anatomical snuffbox
- Dorsal digital branches of the superficial radial nerve
- Cephalic vein
- Radial artery
- Tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
