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MJM > Joints: Stability, Support and Movement > Flashcards

Joints: Stability, Support and Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Types of joint

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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2
Q

Types of fibrous joint

A
  • Skull suture
  • Syndesmosis
  • Gomphosis
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3
Q

What are the bones united by in a syndesmosis?

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue, ligament or membrane

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4
Q

Types of cartilaginous joint

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
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5
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint

A

Bones united by hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Articular surfaces coated with hyaline cartilage
  • Bones united by strong fibrocartilage
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7
Q

6 common features of a synovial joint

A
  • Bone ends covered by articular cartilage
  • Joint has a connective tissue capsule
  • Joint cavity
  • Inner surface of capsule lined by synovial membrane
  • Commonly reinforced by ligaments
  • Allow a wide range of movement
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8
Q

Specialised features of some synovial joints

A
  • Articular discs (fibrocartilage pads) as shock absorbers
  • Fibrocartilage ring (labrum) to deepen joint
  • Tendons passing through joint capsule
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9
Q

How is the hip joint specialised?

A
  • It is a deep joint
  • There is a ligament inside the joint, connecting the head of the femur to acetabulum
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10
Q

How is the knee joint specialised?

A
  • There are shock absorbers in the knee (menisci)
    > Allows weight bearing and prevents grinding down of bone
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11
Q

Ligaments of the shoulder joint

A
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoacromial ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligament
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12
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous ‘lip’ around the glenoid cavity

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13
Q

What is pectoralis major innervated by?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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14
Q

What is pectoralis major attached to?

A
  • Clavicle
  • Sternum
  • Upper ribs
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15
Q

Where does the pectoralis major tendon run?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

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16
Q

What is the deltoid innervated by?

A

Axillary nerve

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17
Q

Where is the deltoid attached from and to?

A
  • From clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • To deltoid tuberosity
18
Q

What is the trapezius innervated by?

A

Accessory nerve

19
Q

Where is the trapezius attached from and to?

A
  • From vertebral column and external occipital protuberance
  • To clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
20
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

21
Q

What is latissimus dorsi attached to?

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Lower 6 thoracic vertebrae
  • Lower 3-4 ribs
22
Q

Where does the tendon of latissimus dorsi lie?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

23
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
24
Q

Which nerves innervate each rotator cuff muscle?

A
  • Subscapularis = upper + lower subscapular nerve
  • Supraspinatus = suprascapular nerve
  • Infraspinatus = suprascapular nerve
  • Teres minor = axillary nerve
25
Q

Attachments of subscapularis (from and to)

A
  • From subscapular fossa
  • To lesser tuberosity of humerus
26
Q

Attachments of supraspinatus (from and to)

A
  • From supraspinous fossa
  • To greater tuberosity of humerus
27
Q

Attachments of infraspinatus (from and to)

A
  • From infraspinous fossa
  • To greater tuberosity of humerus
28
Q

Attachments of teres minor (from and to)

A
  • From lateral border of scapula
  • To greater tuberosity of humerus
29
Q

Which structure prevents superior dislocation of the shoulder?

A

Coracoid process

30
Q

Which direction does the shoulder most commonly dislocate in?

A

Inferiorly

31
Q

What are the flexors of the elbow?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
32
Q

2 heads of biceps brachii

A
  • Long head
  • Short head
33
Q

Where does each head of biceps brachii arise from?

A
  • LH = supraglenoid tubercle
  • SH = coracoid process
34
Q

Where does biceps brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity of radius

35
Q

Where does brachialis arise from?

A

Humeral shaft

36
Q

Where does brachialis insert?

A
  • Tuberosity of ulna
  • Coronoid process
37
Q

What is the extensor of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

38
Q

What are the 3 heads of triceps brachii?

A
  • Lateral head
  • Long head
  • Medial head
39
Q

Where do each of the 3 heads of triceps brachii arise from?

A
  • Lateral = superior, lateral margin of humerus
  • Long = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • Medial = posterior surface of humerus
40
Q

Where does triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon of ulna

MJM (32 decks)

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