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MJM > Muscles of the Neck and Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Neck and Back Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle divides the anterior and posterior anatomical triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

2 groups of muscles that move hyoid bone

A
  • Suprahyoid muscles
  • Infrahyoid muscles
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3
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
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4
Q

Action of suprahyoid muscles

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx during swallowing

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5
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
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6
Q

Action of infrahyoid muscles

A

Depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speech

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7
Q

2 muscle groups of the body wall

A
  • Anterolateral muscle wall
  • Posterior muscle wall
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8
Q

What does the fascial covering of the neck and back attach to medially?

A
  • Ligamentum nuchae
  • Tips of spinous processes
  • Supraspinal ligament of entire vertebral column
  • Median crest of sacrum
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9
Q

2 broad groups of muscles of the back

A
  • Extrinsic muscles
  • Intrinsic muscles
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10
Q

2 groups of extrinsic back muscles

A
  • Superficial
  • Intermediate
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11
Q

Superficial extrinsic back muscles

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major
  • Rhomboid minor
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12
Q

Origin, insertion and action of trapezius

A
  • Descending part (superior fibres)
    > O = medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament
    > I = lateral 1/3 of clavicle
    > A = draws scapula superomedially, extension + lateral flexion of head + neck, rotation of head
  • Transverse part (middle fibres)
    > O = spinous processes + supraspinous ligaments of T1-4
    > I = medial acromial margin, superior crest of spine of scapula
    > A = draws scapula medially
  • Ascending part (inferior fibres)
    > O = spinous processes + supraspinous ligaments of T4-12
    > I = latera apex of medial end of scapular spine
    > A = draws scapula inferomedially
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13
Q

Motor innervation of trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CNXI)

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14
Q

Origin, insertion and action of latissimus dorsi

A
  • Origin
    > Vertebral part = spinous processes of T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia
    > Iliac part = posterior 1/3 of crest of ilium
    > Costal part = ribs 9-12
    > Scapular part = inferior angle of scapula
  • Insertion = intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • Action = arm internal rotation, adduction + extension (+ assists respiration)
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15
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

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16
Q

Origin, insertion and action of levator scapulae

A
  • O = transverse processes C1-4
  • I = Medial border of scapula
  • A = draws scapula superomedially, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly, lateral neck flexion, neck extension
17
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A
  • Anterior rami C3-4
  • Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
18
Q

Origin, insertion and action of rhomboid major

A
  • O = spinous process T2-5
  • I = medial border of scapula
  • A = draws scapula superomedially, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly, supports position of scapula
19
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

20
Q

Origin, insertion and action of rhomboid minor

A
  • O = nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T1
  • I = medial end of spine of scapula
  • A = draws scapula superomedially, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly, supports position of scapula
21
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

22
Q

Intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior
23
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of serratus posterior superior

A
  • O = nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T3
  • Ins = superior border ribs 2-5
  • A = elevates ribs
  • Inn = 2-5 intercostal nerves
24
Q

Origin, insertion, action and innervation of serratus posterior inferior

A
  • O = spinous processes T11-L2
  • Ins = inferior border ribs 9-12
  • A = depresses ribs
  • Inn = anterior rami spinal nerve T9-12
25
Q

Boundaries of triangle of auscultation

A
  • Inferior portion of trapezius (medial)
  • Latissimus dorsi (inferior)
  • Medial border of scapula (lateral)
  • Erector spinae (floor)
26
Q

3 groups of intrinsic back muscles

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Deepest
27
Q

Superficial intrinsic back muscles

A
  • Splenius (capitis, cervicis)
  • Erector spinae
    > Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
    > Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
    > Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
28
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A
  • Transversospinales
    > Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
    > Multifidus (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
    > Rotatores (breves, longi)
29
Q

Deepest intrinsic back muscles

A
  • Interspinales (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
  • Intertransversarii (colli, lumborum)
30
Q

What are all intrinsic back muscles innervated by?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

31
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of splenius

A
  • Capitis
    > O = nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T3
    > I = lateral superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone
    > A = extend head + neck, lateral flexion + rotation of head
  • Cervicis
    > O = spinous processes T3-6
    > I = transverse processes C1-3
    > A = lateral flexion + rotation of neck, extension of neck
32
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of spinalis

A
  • Capitis
    > O = spinous processes C7-T1
    > I = occipital bone
  • Cervicis
    > O = spinous processes C7-T1, nuchal ligament
    > I = spinous processes C2-4
  • Thoracis
    > O = spinous processes T11-L2
    > I = spinous processes T2-8
  • Action of all = extension of head + cervical/thoracic spines, lateral flexion of cervical/thoracic spines
33
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of longissimus

A
  • Capitis
    > O = transverse processes C4-T5
    > I = mastoid process
    > Exclusive A = extension of head + neck, lateral flexion + rotation of head
  • Cervicis
    > O = transverse processes T1-5
    > I = transverse processes C2-6
  • Thoracis
    > Origin
    + Lumbar part = lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis, medial part of sacropelvic part of ilium, posterior sacroiliac ligament
    + Thoracic part = spinous + transverse processes of L1-5, median sacral crest, posterior surface of sacrum + posterior iliac crest
    > Insertion
    + Lumbar part = accessory + transverse processes L1-5
    + Thoracic part = transverse processes T1-12, angles of ribs 7-12
  • Action of all = extension of spine, lateral flexion of spine
34
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of iliocostalis

A
  • Cervicis
    > O = angle of ribs 3-6
    > I = transverse processes C4-6
  • Thoracis
    > O = Angle of ribs 7-12
    > I = Angle of ribs 1-6, transverse process C7
  • Lumborum
    > O = lateral crest of sacrum, medial end of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
    > I = Angle of ribs 5-12, transverse processes L1-4
  • Action of all = extension of spine, lateral flexion of spine
35
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of semispinalis

A
  • Capitis
    > O = articular processes C4-7, transverse processes T1-6
    > I = between superior + inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
  • Cervicis
    > O = transverse processes T1-6
    > I = spinous processes C2-5
  • Thoracis
    > O = transverse processes T6-10
    > I = spinous processes C6-T4
  • Action for all = extension/lateral flexion/rotation of head + cervical/thoracic spines
36
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of multifidus

A
  • Cervicis
    > O = superior articular processes C4-7
    > I = spinous processes 2-5 levels above origin
  • Thoracis
    > O = transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
    > I = spinous processes 2-5 levels above origin
  • Lumborum
    > O = mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, posterior aspect of sacrum, PSIS, posterior sacroiliac ligament
    > I = spinous processes 2-5 levels above origin
  • Action of all = extension, lateral flexion + rotation of spine
37
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of rotatores

A
  • Breves
    > O = transverse processes T2-12
    > I = laminae/spinous processes of vertebra 1 level above origin
  • Longi
    > O = transverse processes thoracic vertebrae
    > I = laminae/spinous processes of vertebra 2 levels above origin
  • Action of both = extension + rotation of thoracic spine
38
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of interspinales

A
  • Cervicis
    > O = superior aspect of spinous processes C3-T1
    > I = inferior aspect of spinous processes C2-7
  • Thoracis
    > O = superior aspect of spinous processes T2, 11 + 12
    > I = inferior aspect of spinous processes T1, 10 + 11
  • Lumborum
    > O = superior aspect of spinous processes L2-5
    > I = inferior aspect of spinous processes L1-4
  • Action of all = extension of cervical + lumbar spine
39
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the different parts of intertransversarii

A
  • Colli
    > O = transverse processes of cervical
    > I = transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
    > A = assist in lateral flexion of + stabilise cervical spine
  • Lumborum
    > Origin
    + Lateral = transverse + accessory processes L1-4
    + Medial = accessory processes L1-4
    > Insertion
    + Lateral = transverse process of succeeding vertebra
    + Medial = mammillary process of succeeding vertebra
    > Action = assist lateral flexion of spine, stabilise spine

MJM (32 decks)

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