The Ankle Joint & Foot (AP)

Question 1

7 tarsal bones

Answer 1

• Talus
• Calcaneus
• Navicular
• Cuboid
• Medial cuneiform
• Intermediate cuneiform
• Lateral cuneiform

Question 2

Ligaments stabilising ankle joint, and what they prevent

Answer 2

• 3 laterals (prevent inversion)
  > Anterior talofibular
  > Posterior talofibular
  > Calcaneofibular
• 1 medial (prevent eversion + subluxation)
  > Deltoid:
  > Anterior + posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular parts

Question 3

What type of joint is the ankle

Answer 3

Synovial hinge

Question 4

What movements are attainable at the ankle?

Answer 4

• Plantarflexion
• Dorsiflexion
• Inversion
• Eversion

Question 5

What type of joint is the subtalar joint, and what movements are attainable here?

Answer 5

• Plane synovial
• Gliding + rotation

Question 6

What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint, and what movements are attainable here?

Answer 6

• Ball and socket synovial
• Supination, pronation, adduction, abduction

Question 7

3 arches of the foot

Answer 7

• Transverse
• Medial longitudinal
• Lateral longitudinal

Question 8

What structures support the arches of the foot?

Answer 8

• Muscles
• Ligaments
• Shapes of bones
• Plantar aponeurosis

Question 9

What is pes planus?

Answer 9

Loss of foot arches due to ligament stretch or muscle weakening

Question 10

Dorsal muscles of the foot

Answer 10

• Extensor digitorum brevis
• Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 11

Plantar muscles of the foot

Answer 11

• Superficial
  > Abductor hallucis
  > Flexor digitorum brevis
  > Abductor digiti minimi
• 2nd
  > Quadratus plantae
  > Lumbricals
• 3rd
  > Flexor hallucis brevis
  > Adductor hallucis
  > Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Deep
  > Plantar interossei
  > Dorsal interossei