Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Functions of cartilage

Answer 1

• Support soft tissue
• Gliding surface for bones
• Framework for bone growth

Question 2

3 types of cartilage

Answer 2

• Hyaline cartilage
• Elastic cartilage
• Fibrous cartilage

Question 3

How much of which fibres are found in each type of cartilage?

Answer 3

• H = moderate amount of collagen
• E = lots of elastic fibres
• F = lots of collagen

Question 4

Functions of bone

Answer 4

• Support structure
• Protect vital organs
• Reservoir for calcium and phosphorus
• Haematopoiesis
• Levers for muscles/movements

Question 5

Types of bone

Answer 5

• Compact
• Cancellous

Question 6

Key feature of cancellous bone

Answer 6

• Contains trabeculae
• These form cavities containing haemopoietic cells

Question 7

Where does the synovial membrane attach in a synovial joint?

Answer 7

Where the cartilage of the joint meets the bone

Question 8

What is enclosed within the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?

Answer 8

Articular cavity

Question 9

What is produced by the synovial membrane in a synovial joint and what is its function?

Answer 9

• Synovial fluid
• Reduces friction

Question 10

Function of fibrous membrane in a synovial joint

Answer 10

Surround and stabilise the joint

Question 11

What do bursae and tendon sheaths do in a synovial joint?

Answer 11

Reduce friction

Question 12

Where are bursae found?

Answer 12

Between tendon/skin/bone combinations

Question 13

Where are tendon sheaths found?

Answer 13

Surrounding tendons

Question 14

Types of skeletal muscle

Answer 14

• Strap
• Fusiform
• Convergent
• Unipennate
• Bipennate
• Multipennate
• Spiral
• Cruciate
• Circular

Question 15

Types of muscular contraction

Answer 15

• Isometric
• Isotonic

Question 16

Types of isotonic contraction

Answer 16

• Concentric (shortens)
• Eccentric (lengthens)