Muscles and Movements Flashcards
Where does the main artery usually enter a muscle?
On the deep surface
Where do accessory arteries enter a muscle?
Everywhere
Why don’t blood vessels bridge between muscles?
To avoid tearing
What does ‘muscle pump’ act on?
Intramuscular veins with valves
What does skeletal muscle develop from in an embryo?
The myotome of the somite
Difference between prenatal and postnatal muscle growth
- Prenatal almost exclusively number of muscle fibres
- Postnatal almost exclusively size of muscle fibres
What is growth in size of muscle fibres called?
Hypertrophy
How does hypertrophy occur?
Muscle stem cells (or satellite cells) merge into muscle fibre
What stimulates hypertrophy?
- Muscle overloading/resistance training
- Protein ingestion
- Various hormones
Which hormones can stimulate hypertrophy?
- IGF-I
- GH
- Testosterone
What causes muscle atrophy?
- Underuse
- Age
- Chronic inflammation
- Neuropathies
What do muscles attach via?
- Tendons
- Aponeuroses
- Fascia
- Fleshy/direct
What are bursae?
Pockets of synovial fluid
Where are bursae found?
- Between/under muscles or tendons
- Under ligaments
- Under skin
Where are tendon sheaths found?
Wrapped around tendons
