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MJM > The Shoulder and Pectoral Girdle > Flashcards

The Shoulder and Pectoral Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

3 joints of the shoulder complex

A
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Glenohumeral
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2
Q

Proximal and distal articulations of the humerus

A
  • P = glenoid fossa of scapula
  • D = head of radius and trochlear notch of ulna
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3
Q

Proximal landmarks of the humerus

A
  • Head
  • Anatomical neck
  • Greater tubercle
  • Lesser tubercle
  • Intertubercular sulcus
  • Lips
  • Surgical neck
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4
Q

Function of anatomical neck

A

Separates head from tubercles

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5
Q

Function of greater tubercle

A

Attachment for:
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor

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6
Q

Function of lesser tubercle

A

Attachment for subscapularis

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7
Q

Function of intertubercular sulcus

A
  • Separates 2 tubercles
  • Tendon of long head of biceps brachii runs through it
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8
Q

Function of lips

A

Attachment for:
- Pectoralis major
- Teres major
- Latissimus

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9
Q

Shaft landmarks of humerus

A
  • Deltoid tuberosity
  • Radial groove
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10
Q

Function of deltoid tuberosity

A

Attachment for deltoid muscle

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11
Q

Function of radial groove

A

Houses radial nerve

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12
Q

Distal landmarks of humerus

A
  • Medial + lateral supraepicondylar ridges
  • Medial + lateral epicondyles
  • Trochlea
  • Capitulum
  • Coronoid, radial + olecranon fossae
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13
Q

What does the trochlea articulate with?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna (T+U together like alphabet)

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14
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with?

A

Head of radius (R+C together like remote control)

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15
Q

Function of the coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae

A

Accommodate forearm bones during flexion and extension at elbow

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16
Q

Are each of the coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae found anteriorly or posteriorly?

A
  • CF = anterior
  • RF = anterior
  • OF = posterior
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17
Q

Which 2 bones form the pectoral girdle?

A
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
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18
Q

Curvatures of the clavicle

A
  • Medial 2/3 convex anteriorly
  • Lateral 1/3 concave anteriorly
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19
Q

3 regions of clavicle

A
  • Sternal end
  • Shaft
  • Acromial end
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20
Q

What is found at the sternal end of the clavicle and what is its function?

A
  • Large facet
  • Articulation with manubrium
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21
Q

Which muscles attach to the shaft of the clavicle?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Trapezius
  • Subclavius
  • Pectoralis major
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Sternohyoid
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22
Q

What is found at the acromial end of the clavicle and what is its function?

A
  • Small facet
  • Articulation with acromion of scapula
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23
Q

4 markings found on the inferior surface of the clavicle

A
  • Conoid tubercle
  • Trapezoid line
  • Subclavian groove
  • Impression for costoclavicular ligament
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24
Q

Which ribs does the scapula overly?

A

2-6/7

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25
Q

What does the spine of the scapula divide the posterior surface into?

A
  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Infraspinous fossa
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26
Q

What fossa is found on the anterior surface of the scapula?

A

Subscapular fossa

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27
Q

Landmarks of the lateral border of the scapula

A
  • Glenoid fossa
  • Supraglenoid tubercle
  • Infraglenoid tubercle
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28
Q

Which 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Short head of biceps brachii
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29
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle synovial joint

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30
Q

Articulating surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Sternal end of clavicle
  • Manubrium
  • Part of 1st costal cartilage
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31
Q

What does the articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint do?

A
  • Separate joint into 2 compartments
  • Allows clavicle and manubrium to slides over each other more freely, allowing rotation and movement in third axis
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32
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint strengthened by?

A
  • The several shoulder muscles
  • Joint capsule
  • Ligaments
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33
Q

What do the joint capsules of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints consist of?

A
  • Fibrous outer layer
  • Inner synovial membrane producing synovial fluid
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34
Q

Ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Sternoclavicular ligaments (anterior + posterior)
  • Interclavicular ligament
  • Costoclavicular ligament
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35
Q

What do the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

A

Strengthen joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

36
Q

What does the interclavicular ligament run between?

A

Sternal ends of each clavicle

37
Q

What does the interclavicular ligament do?

A

Reinforce joint capsule superiorly

38
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial joint

39
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint between?

A
  • Acromial end of clavicle
  • Acromion of scapula
40
Q

2 atypical features of the acromioclavicular joint

A
  • Articular surfaces lined with fibrocartilage
  • Joint cavity partially divided by articular disc
41
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint strengthened by?

A
  • Joint capsule
  • Trapezius muscle
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligament
42
Q

What does the trapezius muscle do to strengthen the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Reinforces posterior aspect of joint capsule

43
Q

What does the acromioclavicular ligament run between?

A
  • Acromion
  • Lateral clavicle
44
Q

Parts of the coracoclavicular ligament

A
  • Conoid ligament
  • Trapezoid ligament
45
Q

What do each of the parts of the coracoclavicular ligament run between?

A
  • Conoid
    > Coracoid process of scapula
    > Conoid tubercle of clavicle
  • Trapezoid
    > Coracoid process of scapula
    > Trapezoid line of clavicle
46
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket synovial joint

47
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint between?

A
  • Head of humerus
  • Glenoid fossa of scapula
48
Q

What is the glenoid labrum and what does it do?

A
  • Fibrocartilage rim on glenoid fossa
  • Deepens socket to increase stability
49
Q

What structures stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Glenoid labrum
  • Ligaments
  • Rotator cuff muscles
  • Biceps tendon
50
Q

Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • Coracoacromial ligament
  • Transverse humeral ligament
51
Q

What do the superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments form?

A

Joint capsule

52
Q

Function of superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

A

Stabilise anterior aspect of joint

53
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament run between?

A
  • Coracoid process
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
54
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Supports superior part of joint capsule

55
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament run between?

A
  • Coracoid process
  • Acromion
56
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A
  • Forms coracoacromial arch
  • Prevents superior displacement of humeral head
57
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament run between?

A

2 tubercles of humerus

58
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament do?

A

Holds tendon of long head of biceps in intertubercular groove

59
Q

How many bursae in the shoulder joint?

A

5

60
Q

Which 3 bursae of the shoulder are usually contiguous?

A
  • Subacromial bursa
  • Subcoracoid bursa
  • Subscapular bursa
61
Q

What is the subacromial bursa found deep and superficial to?

A
  • Deep to deltoid and acromion
  • Superficial to supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule
62
Q

What does the subacromial bursa do?

A
  • Reduces friction beneath deltoid
  • Promotes free motion of rotator cuff tendons
63
Q

What is the subcoracoid bursa found deep to?

A

Coracoid process

64
Q

What is the subscapular bursa found between?

A
  • Subscapularis tendon
  • Scapula
65
Q

What does the subscapular bursa do?

A

Reduces wear and tear on subscapularis tendon during movement at shoulder joint

66
Q

Movements attainable at the shoulder joint

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Medial rotation
  • Lateral rotation
67
Q

Muscles involved in extension of the shoulder joint

A
  • Posterior deltoid
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
68
Q

Muscles involved in flexion of the shoulder joint

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Anterior deltoid
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii (weakly)
69
Q

Muscles involved in abduction of the shoulder joint

A
  • Supraspinatus (0-15°)
  • Middle deltoid (15-90°)
  • Trapezius (>90°)
  • Serratus anterior (>90°)
70
Q

Muscles involved in adduction of the shoulder joint

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
71
Q

Muscles involved in medial rotation of the shoulder joint

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Anterior deltoid
72
Q

Muscles involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder joint

A
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
73
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
74
Q

Origin and insertion of subscapularis

A
  • O = subscapular fossa of scapula
  • I = lesser tubercle of humerus
75
Q

Origin and insertion of supraspinatus

A
  • O = supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • I = greater tubercle of humerus
76
Q

Origin and insertion of infraspinatus

A
  • O = infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • I = greater tubercle of humerus
77
Q

Origin and insertion of teres minor

A
  • O = lateral border of scapula
  • I = greater tubercle of humerus
78
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-6)

79
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

80
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

81
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve (C5-6)

82
Q

What usually causes anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint

A

Excessive extension and lateral rotation

83
Q

Which nerve runs in close proximity to the shoulder joint and can be damaged during dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve

84
Q

What does injury to the axillary nerve in a dislocation cause?

A
  • Paralysis of deltoid
  • Loss of sensation over regimental badge area
85
Q

What usually prevents winging of the scapula in a healthy person?

A

Serratus anterior attaching to the anterior face of the scapula and pulling it against the ribcage

86
Q

What causes winging of the scapula?

A

Damage to the long thoracic nerve

MJM (32 decks)

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