Overview of Upper Limb Anatomy 2

Question 1

Regions of upper limb (proximal to distal)

Answer 1

• Shoulder region
• Axillary region
• Arm/brachium
• Elbow joint
• Cubital fossa
• Forearm/antebrachium
• Wrist + wrist joint
• Hand

Question 2

Osteological components of the pectoral girdle

Answer 2

• Scapular
• Clavicle
• Head of humerus

Question 3

Osteological components of the arm

Answer 3

Humerus

Question 4

Osteological components of the elbow joint

Answer 4

• Trochlea
• Olecranon
• Capitulum
• Epicondyles

Question 5

Osteological components of the forearm

Answer 5

• Radius
• Ulna

Question 6

Osteological components of the wrist

Answer 6

• Distal ulna
• Distal radius
• Carpal bones
• Flexor retinaculum
• Extensor retinaculum

Question 7

Osteological components of the hand

Answer 7

• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges

Question 8

Articulating bony surfaces of elbow

Answer 8

• Distal end of humerus
• Proximal end of radius + ulna

Question 9

Landmarks of the distal humerus

Answer 9

• Medial epicondyle
• Lateral epicondyle
• Medial epicondylar ridge
• Lateral epicondylar ridge
• Trochlea
• Capitulum
• Coronoid fossa
• Radial fossa
• Olecranon fossa

Question 10

What is the medial epicondyle a site for?

Answer 10

Common flexor origin of forearm

Question 11

What is the lateral epicondyle a site for?

Answer 11

Common extensor origin of the forearm

Question 12

What does the trochlea articulate with?

Answer 12

Trochlear notch of ulna

Question 13

What does the capitulum articulate with?

Answer 13

Rounded superior edge of radius

Question 14

Which of the radius and ulna is lateral/medial?

Answer 14

• Lateral = radius
• Medial = ulna

Question 15

What 2 processes occur at the proximal ulna (and which is which)?

Answer 15

• Olecranon process (posterosuperior)
• Coronoid process (anteroinferior)

Question 16

Which ligament encloses the neck of the radius?

Answer 16

Annular ligament

Question 17

Which 2 articulations form the compound elbow joint?

Answer 17

• Humero-ulnar joint
• Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 18

What movements are attainable at the elbow joint?

Answer 18

• Flexion
• Extension

Question 19

4 main ligaments of the elbow

Answer 19

• Medial collateral ligament
• Lateral collateral ligament
• Annular ligament
• Quadrate ligament

Question 20

Where is the medial collateral ligament located and what does it do?

Answer 20

• Located on medial side of elbow
• Connects ulna to humerus

Question 21

Where is the lateral collateral ligament located and what does it do?

Answer 21

• Located on lateral side of elbow
• Connects radius to humerus

Question 22

What does the annular ligament do?

Answer 22

Holds radius tight against ulna

Question 23

What does the quadrate ligament do?

Answer 23

Connects radius to ulna

Question 24

Articulations between radius and ulna

Answer 24

• Proximal radio-ulnar joint
• Distal radio-ulnar joint

Question 25

What type of joints are the radio-ulnar joints and what movements are they responsible for?

Answer 25

• Pivot joints
• Supination and pronation of forearm

Question 26

What is a carrying angle at the elbow joint of more than 15° known as?

Answer 26

Cubitus valgus

Question 27

What is a carrying angle at the elbow joint of less than 5° known as?

Answer 27

Cubitus varus

Question 28

8 carpal bones (proximal and distal rows, both lateral to medial)

Answer 28

• Proximal row:
  > Scaphoid
  > Lunate
  > Triquetrum
  > Pisiform
• Distal row:
  > Trapezium
  > Trapezoid
  > Capitate
  > Hamate

Question 29

5 muscles of superficial flexor compartment of forearm

Answer 29

• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Palmaris longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 30

3 muscles of deep flexor compartment of forearm

Answer 30

• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Pronator quadratus

Question 31

Action of flexor retinaculum

Answer 31

• Forms carpal tunnel by arching over carpal bones
• Buckles down tendons from muscles of forearm