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MJM > Bones and Joints of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Main bones of lower limb

A
  • Bones of pelvis
  • Hip bone
  • Femur
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Bone of the foot
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2
Q

Main joints of lower limb

A
  • Hip
  • Knee
  • Ankle
  • Joints of foot
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3
Q

3 bones forming innominate hip bone

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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4
Q

Where do the 3 bones meet in the hip bone and what is formed?

A
  • Laterally
  • Forms acetabulum
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5
Q

What cartilage separates the bones of the hip bone originally, when does it begin to fuse and when is it completely fused by?

A
  • Triradiate cartilage
  • Begins 15-17 years
  • Complete by 23
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6
Q

2 parts of the acetabulum

A
  • Articulatory surface
  • Non-articulatory surface
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7
Q

What is the articulatory surface of the acetabulum lined by?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What is the non-articulatory surface of the acetabulum covered by?

A

Fat pad

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9
Q

What shape is the articulatory surface of the acetabulum?

A

Semilunar

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10
Q

What joins the semilunar ends of the articulatory surface of the acetabulum to make it circular?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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11
Q

Which proportions of the hip bone and acetabulum does the ilium form?

A
  • Superior 2/3 of hip bone
  • 2/5 of acetabulum
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12
Q

Which proportions of the hip bone and acetabulum does the ischium form?

A
  • Posterior 1/3 of hip bone
  • 2/5 of acetabulum
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13
Q

What does the ischial spine seperate?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic notches

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14
Q

What spans the greater sciatic notch to convert it into the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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15
Q

What span the lesser sciatic notch to convert it into the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Sacrospinous ligament
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16
Q

What is the pubis bone formed of?

A
  • Body
  • Superior ramus
  • Inferior ramus
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17
Q

Where does the superior ramus of the pubis project?

A

Superolaterally to acetabulum

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18
Q

Where does the inferior ramus of the pubis project?

A

Posteriorly, inferiorly + laterally to join ramus of ischium in pubic arch

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19
Q

What does the body of the pubis join to, forming what?

A
  • Body of other pubis
  • Pubic symphysis
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20
Q

Divisions of the femur

A
  • Body (shaft)
  • Proximal extremity
  • Distal extremity
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21
Q

What does the femur articulate with?

A
  • Acetabulum (superior)
  • Tibia (inferior)
22
Q

What are the divisions of the proximal extremity of the femur?

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Greater + lesser trochanters
23
Q

What are the divisions of the distal extremity of the femur?

A
  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
24
Q

Location of greater trochanter

A

Laterally at junction of body + neck of femur

25
Q

Location of lesser trochanter

A

Medial to greater trochanter

26
Q

2 imaginary lines connecting trochanters of femur, and their location

A
  • Inter-trochanteric line (anterior)
  • Inter-trochanteric crest (posterior)
27
Q

What is the linea aspera and what does it comprise of?

A
  • Rough line on posterior shaft of femur
  • Medial + lateral lips
28
Q

What do the lips of the linea aspera diverge to form?

A

Medial + lateral supracondylar lines

29
Q

What separates the 2 condyles of the femur?

A

Intercondylar notch

30
Q

What is the fovea capitus and what is its function?

A
  • Pit in head of femur
  • Ligamentum teres attaches here
31
Q

What angle does the neck of the femur connect to the head at?

A

125°

32
Q

Which ligament forms the inter-trochanteric line?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

33
Q

What does the proximal end of the tibia flatten into?

A

Medial + lateral tibial plateaus

34
Q

Articulations of tibia

A
  • Condyles of femur (superior)
  • Talus of foot (inferior)
35
Q

Where is the fibula located in relation to the tibia?

A

Posterolaterally

36
Q

What joins the tibia and fibula?

A

Interosseus membrane

37
Q

What is found at the distal end of the fibula?

A

Knob-like structure - lateral malleolus

38
Q

Function of fibula

A
  • Attachment for muscles (no weight-bearing)
  • Allow tibia to withstand twisting and bending
  • (No weight-bearing)
39
Q

Bones of the foot

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Cuneiform
  • Metatarsals (5)
  • Phalanges (14)
40
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial hinge type joint

41
Q

What nerves supply knee joint?

A
  • Femoral
  • Obturator
  • Common peroneal
  • Tibial
42
Q

What is the knee reinforced by, and what are these derived from?

A
  • Extracapsular ligaments
  • Derived from quadriceps tendon
43
Q

Joints constituting knee joint

A
  • 2 condylar joints
    > Medial condyle of femur + plateau of tibia
    > Lateral condyle of femur + tibia
  • 1 gliding joint
    > Patella + patellar surface of femur
44
Q

Thickness, shape and attachments of menisci of the knee peripherally and centrally

A
  • Peripheral
    > Thick
    > Convex
    > Attached to joint capsule
  • Central
    > Thin
    > Concave
    > Free border
45
Q

Functions of menisci of knee

A
  • Main = deepen articular surfaces of tibial condyles
  • Lesser = cushions between femur + tibia
46
Q

Types of ligaments of the knee (and their functions)

A
  • Frontal ligaments (stabilise patella)
  • Medial/lateral ligaments (prevent excessive sideways movement)
  • Dorsal ligaments (prevent overextension)
  • Cruciate ligaments (prevent slippage of femur on tibia)
47
Q

Frontal ligaments of the knee

A
  • Patellar ligament
  • Retinaculum
48
Q

Medial/lateral ligaments of the knee

A
  • Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
  • Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
49
Q

Dorsal ligaments of the knee

A
  • Oblique popliteal ligament
  • Arcuate popliteal ligament
50
Q

Cruciate ligaments of the knee

A
  • Anterior cruciate ligament
  • Posterior cruciate ligament

MJM (32 decks)

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