The Thigh & The Knee Joint (AP) Flashcards
3 compartments of the thigh
- Anterior
- Medial
- Posterior
Movements performed by the muscles in each thigh compartment
- A = extend lower limb at knee
- M = hip adduction
- P = extend at hip, flex at knee
Nerves supplying each compartment of the thigh
- A = femoral
- M = obturator
- P = sciatic
Thigh flexor muscles
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Iliacus
- Psoas
What is a sesamoid bone?
Bone embedded in a muscle/tendon
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge synovial
What do the menisci of the knee do?
- Shock absorbers
- Stabilise knee by cushioning
- Lubricate/reduce friction
Contents of femoral triangle (lateral to medial)
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Lymphatics
What is the ‘lock-unlock’ mechanism of the knee?
- Knee locks in order to reduce muscular effort when standing
> Quadriceps medially rotate femur during last 30° of extension - Knee unlocked to bend it again
> Popliteus laterally rotates femur during early flexion
Muscles of the anterior thigh compartment
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
- Sartorius
Muscles of the medial thigh compartment
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
- Obturator externus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor magnus
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of rectus femoris
- O = AIIS
- Ins = base of patella
- Inn = femoral nerve
- A = knee extensor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of vastus medialis
- O = medial intertrochanteric line
- Ins = base of patella
- Inn = femoral nerve
- A = knee extensor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of vastus lateralis
- O = greater trochanter
- Ins = base of patella
- Inn = femoral nerve
- A = knee extensor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of vastus intermedius
- O = anterolateral femur
- Ins = base of patella
- Inn = femoral nerve
- A = knee extensor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of sartorius
- O = ASIS
- Ins = medial tibia
- Inn = femoral nerve
- A = hip flexor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of gracilis
- O = pubis
- Ins = medial tibia
- Inn = obturator nerve
- A = thigh adduction, medial rotation
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of pectineus
- O = pubis
- Ins = pectineal line
- Inn = femoral + obturator nerves
- A = hip flexor
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of obturator externus
- O = obturator foramen margins
- Ins = trochanteric fossa
- Inn = obturator nerve
- A = lateral rotation
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of adductor brevis
- O = pubis
- Ins = linea aspera
- Inn = obturator nerve
- A = thigh adduction, medial rotation
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of adductor longus
- O = pubis
- Ins = linea aspera
- Inn = obturator nerve
- A = thigh adduction, medial rotation
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of adductor magnus
- O = pubis
- Ins = linea aspera
- Inn = obturator + sciatic nerves
- A = thigh adduction, medial rotation
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of biceps femoris
- O = ischial tuberosity
- Ins = lateral fibula
- Inn = sciatic nerve
- A = knee flexion
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of semitendinosus
- O = ischial tuberosity
- Ins = medial tibia
- Inn = sciatic nerve
- A = knee flexion
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of semimembranosus
- O = ischial tuberosity
- Ins = medial condyle (tibia)
- Inn = sciatic nerve
- A = hip + knee rotation
