The Urinary System Part 1 Flashcards
describe THE URETERS
- URETERS:
- transports URINE from the KIDNEYS to the URINARY BLADDER
describe the URINARY BLADDER
- URINARY BLADDER:
- the TEMPORARY STORAGE RESERVOIR for URINE
describe the URETHRA
- URETHRA:
- transports URINE OUT OF THE BODY
describe the KIDNEY
- a MAJOR EXCRETORY ORGAN
- helps to maintain the body’s internal environment
what are the KIDNEY’s FUNCTIONS?
- helps to REGULATE TOTAL WATER VOLUME and TOTAL SOLUTE CONCENTRATION in water—the OSMOLARITY
- regulation of ION CONCENTRATIONS in ECF/the BLOOD IONIC CONCENTRATION
- ensures LONG-TERM ACID-BASE BALANCE
- produces ERTHYROPOIETIN and RENIN
what are some KIDNEY CHARACTERISTICS?
- they are RETROPERITONEAL—partly protected by the lower ribs
- BEAN-SHAPED; our RIGHT KIDNEY bit lower than LEFT
-
RENAL HILUM:
- where RENAL VEIN + ARTERY pass through
- between T12 - L3
describe the HILUM of the KIDNEY
- HILUM:
- the indented area of the kidney; the CONCAVE AREA
- entrance for;
- RENAL ARTERY
- RENAL VEIN
- URETER
- NERVES
- LYMPHATICS
definition of RENAL PTOSIS
- condition in which ONE OR BOTH KIDNEYS drop to a LOWER POSITION
- can be caused by LOSS of SURROUNDING FATTY TISSUE CAPSULE that holds KIDNEYS in NORMAL POSITION
- seen with EMACIATION or RAPID WEIGHT LOSS
- can cause URETERES TO BE KINKED—causes URINE TO BE BACKED UP/ greater pressure on the KIDNEY TISSUE
describe the RENAL CORTEX
- RENAL CORTEX:
- the OUTER LAYER
- more GRANULAR IN NATURE—SUPERFICIAL
describe the RENAL MEDULLA
- RENAL MEDULLA:
- the INNER REGION
- DEEP TO CORTEX
- has the RENAL PYRAMIDS
describe the RENAL PYRAMIDS
- RENAL PYRAMIDS:
- the SECRETING APPARATUS + TUBULES
- creation of LOBES
- tips of the PYRAMIDS—known as the RENAL PAPILLA
- once passing PAPILLA—turns into URINE
describe the RENAL COLUMNS
- RENAL COLUMNS:
- begins to ANCHOR the CORTEX
- has CORTICAL TISSUE—invades the RENAL MEDULLA
describe the RENAL PELVIS
- RENAL PELVIS:
- is a FUNNEL-SHAPED TUBE that is CONTINUOUS WITH THE URETER
- COLLECTS ALL URINE
describe the MAJOR AND MINOR CALYCES
- MAJOR CALYCES:
- areas that begin to COLLECT URINE from MINOR CALYCES
- drains into RENAL PELVIS»_space; BLADDER
- MINOR CALYCES:
- collects URINE DRAINING from the PYRAMIDAL PAPILLAE
describe the INTERNAL RENAL ANATOMY
- PAPILLARY DUCTS:
- empties urine into CALYCES
- CALYCES:
- passes URINE to the URETER
what is the PATHWAY OF URINE DRAINAGE?
- COLLECTING DUCT
- PAPILLARY DUCT
- MINOR CALYX
- MAJOR CALYX
- RENAL PELVIS
- URETER
- URINARY BLADDER
definition of PYELITIS
the INFLAMMATION OF RENAL PELVIS and CALYCES
definition of PYELONEPHRITIS
the INFECTION OR INFLAMMATION of the ENTIRE KIDNEY
- causes ABDOMINAL PAIN AND DYSURNIA
describe the BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE KIDNEYS
- receive 20-25% of RESTING CARDIAC OUTPUT
- despite being LESS THAN 0.5% of TOTAL BODY MASS
- receive LOTS OF BLOOD
- all starts from RENAL ARTERIES
describe the NERVE SUPPLY OF THE KIDNEY
- RENAL NERVES:
- primarily carries SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW (from the RENAL PLEXUS)
- begins to REGULATE BLOOD FLOW through the KIDNEYS
describe the BLOOD VESSEL PATHWAY OF THE KIDNEY (ARTERY)
- AORTA
- RENAL ARTERY
- SEGMENTAL ARTERY
- INTERLOBAR ARTERY
- ARCUATE ARTERY
- CORTICAL RADIATE ARTERY
- AFFERENT ARTERIOLE
- GLOMERULUS (CAPILLARIES)
- EFFERENT ARTERIOLE
describe the BLOOD VESSEL PATHWAY OF THE KIDNEY (VEINS)
- PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES OR VASA RECTA
- CORTICAL RADIATE VEIN
- ARCUATE VEIN
- INTERLOBAR VEIN
- RENAL VEIN
- INFERIOR VENA CAVA
describe the NEPHRON
- the STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL UNIT THAT FORMS URINE
- regulates CONC. of WATER + INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES
- filters BLOOD + REABSORBING WHAT IS NEEDED _ EXCRETED ANYTHING UNEEDED
- have over < 1 million per kidney!