Hematopoietic Blood System 2 Flashcards
describe LEUKOCYTES
FUNCTION:
- aid in DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE
- can leave capillaries through DIAPEDESIS
- move through TISSUE by AMEBOID MOTION & POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS
what is LEUKOCYTOSIS?
creation of a high WBC count over 11,000/mm3
- typical NORMAL RESPONSE to INFECTION
how do we CLASSIFY LEUKOCYTES?
GRANULOCYTES:
- these have VISIBLE CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES; can be STAINEd
- often have LOBED NUCLEI
AGRANULOCYTES:
- these have NO VISIBLE CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES; CANNOT BE STAINED
- have SPHERICAL or OVAL-SHAPED/KIDNEY SHAPED NUCLEI
what are our GRANULOCYTES?
- BASOPHILS
- EOSINOPHILS
- NEUTROPHILS
what are our AGRANULOCYTES?
- LYMPHOCYTES
- MONOCYTES
what is the RELATIVE PERCENTAGE of LEUKOCYTES within our NORMAL BLOOD? Which classifications have the highest to lowest percentages?
- Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
- (N)eutrophils
- (L)ymphocytes
- (M)onocytes
- (E)osinophils
- (B)asophils
what is a DIFFERENTIAL (DIFF)?
test that aids in DIAGNOSING SPECIFIC CAUSE OF AN ILLNESS
can be variety of paths; either INFLAMMATION, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, or INFECTIONS
how do LEUKOCYTES STAIN?
- NEUTROPHILS:
- neutral—don’t attract either acid or base; quite neutral
- EOSINOPHILS:
- stain red or orange
- acidic in nature
- BASOPHILS:
- stain blue or purple
- basic in nature
- LYMPHOCYTES:
- stain dark
- MONOCYTES:
- horseshoe shape
describe our BASOPHILS
BASOPHILS:
- our RAREST WBCs
- have important BASOPHILIC GRANULES–containing HISTAMINE
HISTAMINE:
very important as an INFLAMMATORY CHEMICAL–acts as a VASODILATOR to attract WBCS to inflamed sites
describe our EOSINOPHILS
EOSINOPHILS:
- have BRICK RED STAINING GRANULES
- often has a BILOBED NUCLEI
- responses similar to LYSOSOMES–in response to ALLERGIES and PARASITIC WORMS
describe our NEUTROPHILS
NEUTROPHILS:
- our most NUMEROUS WBCS
- has MULTIPLE LOBED NUCLEI with FINE GRANULES (containing HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES)
- have PHAGOCYTIC TENDENCIES–the BACTERIA SLAYERS
describe our LYMPHOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES:
- our SECOND MOST NUMEROUS WBC
- has LARGE NUCLEI–CAN FILL UP ALMOST ALL THE CELL
- CRUCIAL TO IMMUNITY/IMMUNE RESPONSE
what are our THREE TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES?
- T LYMPHOCYTES (T CELLS):
- act against VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS and TUMOR CELLS
- B LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS):
- gives rise to PLASMA CELLS — can PRODUCE ANTIBODIES
- protection from FUTURE INFECTIONS
- gives rise to PLASMA CELLS — can PRODUCE ANTIBODIES
- NK CELLS:
- kills VIRAL INFECTIONS
describe our MONOCYTES
MONOCYTES:
the largest LEUKOCYTE
- functions and transforms into a MACROPHAGE
FUNCTION:
- turns into an ACTIVE PHAGOCYTIC CELL–eating almost everything
- helps FIGHT CHRONIC INFECTION
how do WBCs move?
- known as EXTRAVASION
- MARGINATION
rolling and adhesion within LUMEN - TRANSMIGRATION (DIAPEDESIS)
across the endothelium - MIGRATION
movement from INTERSTITIAL SPACE towards the CHEMOTACTIC STIMULUS
- MARGINATION
what are some LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS?
LEUKOPENIA:
- an ABNORMAL LOW WBC COUNT (drug-induced)
LEUKEMIAS:
- the OVERPRODUCTION of ABNORMAL WBCs
(named depending on specific WBC being affected)
ACUTE LEUKEMIA:
- from STEM CELLS–affects CHILDREN
CHRONIC LEUKEMIA:
- prevalence in OLDER PEOPLE
describe THROMBOCYTES (PLATELETS)
THROMBOCYTES:
- important in terms of CLOTTING BLOOD (COAGULATION)
- can survive for only around 5 - 9 days
MEGAKARYOCYTES:
- seen within RED BONE MARROW
- begins to SPLINTER into 2000-3000 FRAGMENTS to create PLATELET PLUGS
- kept INACTIVE and MOBILE by NITRIC OXIDE (which is found within ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of our BV)
- allows for greater VASODILATION and GREATER BLOOD FLOW