The Reproductive System Part 2 Flashcards
describe the OVARIES
- secrete the FEMALE GAMETES OVUM
-
sex hormone - ESTROGEN + PROGESTERONE;
- ESTRADIOL
- ESTRTRIOL
describe the FEMALE REPRO LIGAMENTS
- OVARIAN LIGAMENT
- anchors the ovary MEDIALLY to the UTERUS
- SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT
- anchors the ovary to the LATERAL WALL OF PELVIC WALL
- BROAD LIGAMENT
what is it BLOOD SUPPLY
- supplied by the GONADAL ARTERY
- comes from the OVARIAN BRANCH of the UTERINE ARTERIES
what are the COVERINGS OF THE OVARY?
- ovaries covered by a FIBROUS TUNICA ALBUGINEA
- has outer layer of a GERMINAL CUBOIDAL LAYER
describe the OVARIAN FOLLICLES
- OVARIAN FOLLICLES:
- sac-like structures within CORTEX OF THE OVARY
- contains the OOCYTES (immature egg)
- FOLLICULAR CELL
- one layer
- GRANULOSA CELL
- more than one layer
what are the FOLLICULAR STAGES?
- PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE:
- a SINGLE LAYER OF FOLLICLE CELLS + OOCYTE
- now enters the FOLLICULAR STAGE;
- VESICULAR (ANTRAL OR TERTIARY FOLLICLE:
- a FULLY MATURE FOLLICLE
-
FLUID-FILLED ANTRUM:
- follicle bulges from the OVARY SURFACE
-
FLUID-FILLED ANTRUM:
- a FULLY MATURE FOLLICLE
definition of OVULATION
- have the EJECTION OF THE OOCYTE from the RIPENING FOLLICLE
- CORPUS INTEUM:
- develops from RUPTURED FOLLICLE AFTER OVULATION
describe the UTERINE TUBES
- before known as FALLOPIAN TUBES or OVIDUCT
- receives the OVULATED OOCYTE
- usual site for FERTILIZATION
- completed covered by the PERITONEUM
describe the ISTHMUS
constricted area where TUBE and UTERUS JOIN TOGETHER
describe the AMPULLA
the DISTAL END OF TUBE that curves around the OVARY
describe the INFUNDIBULUM
- DISTAL EXPANDED PART OF OVARY
- contains FIMBRIAE—ciliated structures; creates CURRENTS to move oocytes into TUBE
describe ETOPIC PREGNANCY
- implantation takes in the UTERUS
- where IMPLANTATION AND FERTILIZATION TAKES PLACE IN UTERINE TUBE
- similar to APPENDICITIS
- look for PRESENCE OF HCG - HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
describe the PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
- spread of infection from the REPRODUCTIVE TRACT into the PERITONEAL CAVITY
- can cause SCAR TISSUE, one of the leading causes of INFERTILITY
- commonly transmitted by STDs
describe the POSITION OF UTERUS
- POSITION OF UTERUS:
- ANTEVERTED:
- INCLINED FORWARD (NORMAL POSITION)
- RETROVERTED:
- INCLINED BACKWARD
- can happen in BIRTH when PLACENTA PULLED OUT TOO QUICKLY
- ANTEVERTED:
describe the UTERUS AND FUNCTION
- UTERUS:
- a HOLLOW + THICK-WALLED + MUSCULAR ORGAN
- FUNCTION:
- RECEIVE + RETAINS + NOURISHES FERTILIZED OVUM
describe the UTERUS ANATOMY
- UTERUS ANATOMY:
- FUNDUS:
- the ROUNDED AND SUPERIOR PART
- ISTHMUS:
- the NARROWED INFERIOR PART
- CERVIX:
- the NARROW NECK that projects into the VAGINA
- CERVICAL CANAL:
- communicates with VAGINA - external os
- communicates with UTERUS - internal os
- FUNDUS:
describe CERVICAL CANCER
- fects around 450,000 women WORLDWIDE
- killing over HALF
- recommended for checkup every THREE YEARS; ages 21 - 30
- most common age group; 30 - 50
- use of PAPANICOLAOU (PAP) SMEAR for detection
describe a PROLAPSED UTERUS
- an UNSUPPORTED UTERUS that sinks INFERIORLY until TIP OF CERVIX PROTRUDES through EXTERNAL VAGINAL OPENING
- often due to OVERSTRETCHING + tearing of muscles during CHILDBIRTH
describe the LAYERS OF THE OVARY
- PERIMETRIUM:
- the OUTERMOST SEROUS LAYER (VISCERAL PERITONEUM)
- MYOMETRIUM:
- the BULKY MIDDLE LAYER consists of INTERLACING LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
- contracts RHYTHMICALLY DURING CHILDBIRTH
- ENDOMETRIUM:
- the MUCOSAL LINING
- has SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
describe the HISTOLOGY OF THE ENDOMETRIUM
- STRATUM FUNCTIONALIS:
- changes in response to OVARIAN HORMONAL CYCLES
- layer that is SHED DURING MENSTRUATION
- STRATUM BASALIS:
- forms a NEW STRATUM FUNCTIONALIS
- UNRESPONSIVE to OVARIAN HORMONES
what is the VASCULAR SUPPLY of the UTERUS?
- UTERINE ARTERIES:
- from INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES»_space; ARCUATE ARTERIES»_space; RADIAL ARTERIES in the ENDOMETRIUM»_space; STRAIGHT ARTERIES»_space; SPIRAL ARTERIES (stratum functionalis)
describe the VAGINA
- THIN WALLED TUBE
- the BIRTHING CANAL and MENSTRUAL FLOW PATHWAY
- organ of COAGULATION
- extends from BLADDER to the rectum
describe the LAYERS OF THE VAGINAL WALL
- made up of FIBROELASTIC ADEVENTITIA
- SMOOTH MUSCLE MUSCULARIS
-
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS MUCOSA with RUGAE
- has DENDRITIC CELLS in the MUCOSA
- can provide a route for HIV TRANSMISSION
describe VAGINAL SECRETIONS
- VAGINAL SECRETIONS:
- acidic in ADULT FEMALES but are more ALKALINE in ADOLESCENTS
describe the VAGINAL MUCOSA
- near vaginal orifice forms INCOMPLETE PARTITION known as HYMEN
- ruptures with INTERCOURSE
describe the VAGINAL FORNIX
the UPPER END OF VAGINA surrounding the CERVIX