The small intestine - duodenum

Question 1

where is the small intestines?

Answer 1

an organ located in GI tract

Question 2

what does the small intestine assist with?

Answer 2

digestion and absorption of ingested food

Question 3

where does the small intestine extend from to?

Answer 3

pylorus of stomach to iliocaecal junction

Question 4

what happens at the iliocaecal junction?

Answer 4

the small intestine meets the large intestine

Question 5

how can the small bowel be divided?

Answer 5

into 3 parts:

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 6

where can the duodenum be found in the small intestines?

Answer 6

the most proximal part of the small intestines

Question 7

where does the duodenum run?

Answer 7

from pylorus to duodenojejunal junction

Question 8

how can the duodenum be divided?

Answer 8

into 4 parts:
superior
descending
inferior
ascending

Question 9

what shape does the duodenum form and around what?

Answer 9

a C shape around the head of pancreas

Question 10

where does the superior part of the duodenum ascend from?

Answer 10

5cm

ascend from pylorus of stomach

Question 11

what is the superior part of the duodenum connected to and by what?

Answer 11

connected to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 12

what is likely to occur at the superior part of the duodenum?

Answer 12

duodenal ulcers

Question 13

what is the nerve root of the superior part of the duodenum?

Answer 13

L1

Question 14

what are the nerve roots of the descending part of the duodenum?

Answer 14

L1-L3

Question 15

where does the descending portion of the duodenum travel?

Answer 15

The descending portion curves inferiorly around the head of the pancreas.

Question 16

where does the descending portion of the duodenum lie?

Answer 16

It lies posteriorly to the transverse colon, and anteriorly to the right kidney

Question 17

How is the descending duodenum marked internally?

Answer 17

Internally, the descending duodenum is marked by the major duodenal papilla

Question 18

what is the duodenal papilla?

Answer 18

an opening for bile and pancreatic secretions to enter

Question 19

what is the duct responsible for carrying pancreatic secretions known as?

Answer 19

ampulla of Vater or hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 20

what are the nerve roots of the inferior duodenum?

Answer 20

L3

Question 21

where does the inferior section of the duodenum travel? what does it cross over?

Answer 21

The inferior section travels laterally to the left, crossing over the inferior vena cava and aorta.

Question 22

where is the inferior section of the duodenum located?

Answer 22

It is located inferiorly to the pancreas, and posteriorly to the superior mesenteric artery and vein.

Question 23

what are the nerve roots of the anterior part of the duodenum?

Answer 23

L2-L3

Question 24

what happens after the anterior duodenum crosses the aorta?

Answer 24

After the duodenum crosses the aorta, it ascends and curves anteriorly to join the jejunum at a sharp turn

Question 25

what is the sharp turn at which the duodenum joins to the jejunum?

Answer 25

known as the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 26

what is located at the duodenojejunal junction? what is it called?

Answer 26

Located at the duodenojejunal junction is a slip of muscle called the suspensory muscle of the duodenum.

Question 27

what happens during contraction of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?

Answer 27

Contraction of this muscle widens the angle of the flexure, and increases movement of the intestinal contents into the jejunum.

Question 28

what is a duodenal ulcer?

Answer 28

A duodenal ulcer is the erosion of the duodenal mucosa in a particular area.

Question 29

what can a duodenal ulcer also be known as?

Answer 29

peptic ulcer, although this term also used to refer to gastric ulcerations

Question 30

where are duodenal ulcers most likely to occur?

Answer 30

superior portion of the duodenum

Question 31

what is the most common cause of duodenal ulcers?

Answer 31

helicobacter pylori infection

Question 32

what is used to treat duodenal ulcers?

Answer 32

chronic NSAID

Question 33

when can complications occur with duodenal ulcers?

Answer 33

An ulcer in itself is not particularly troublesome. However, it can give rise to some serious complications if the duodenal wall is perforated

Question 34

how can the duodenal wall be perforated?

Answer 34

Inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis)

Erosion of the gastroduodenal artery

Question 35

what happens in inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis)?

Answer 35

causing damage to the surrounding viscera, such as the liver, pancreas and gall bladder

Question 36

what happens in erosion of the gastroduodenal artery?

Answer 36

subsequent haemorrhage