inguinal hernias - lecture video Flashcards
what is a hernia?
protrusion of visceral (organ) from its containing cavity
what is an inguinal hernia?
abdominal content protrude through abdominal wall
where does the inguinal ligament run?
from ASIS to pubic tubercle
what is the mid-inguinal point?
1/2 way between ASIS & pubic symphysis
what is underneath the mid-inguinal point?
femoral artery
what is the femoral artery’s pre-quester?
external iliac artery before passing inferior to the inguinal ligament
what does the external iliac artery give rise to?
inferior epigastric artery & vein
what is the mid-point of the inguinal ligament?
lateral
above entrance to inguinal canal (deep inguinal ring)
what is the inguinal canal?
oblique short passage extends from inside peritoneal cavity in males to scrotum, to labrium majora in females
what does the inguinal canal contain?
has deep ring (internal) & superficial ring, both lateral to pubic tubercles
what is an indirect hernia?
loops of bowel enter deep ring, along inguinal canal, out superficial ring into scrotum
what is a direct hernia?
pushes out of anterior abdominal wall, around superficial ring point
what does gubernaculum connect?
inferior pole of testicle to developing scrotum
what is the function of the gubernaculum?
guides testicle towards developing scrotum
gets shorter during development as testicles descends
what happens during testicular descend?
drags blood supply with it
what is the processes vaginalis?
outpouching of peritoneal cavity - goes ahead of descending testicle
what wraps around the testicles?
muscle & fascia layer
what happens if the processes vaginalis fails to obliterate?
gets a peritoneal lined pathway from the peritoneal cavity into the scrotum (path not shut off)
what can processes vaginalis failing to obliterate lead to?
as the peritoneal cavity is intraperitoneal
bowel can descend, ass through inguinal canal into scrotum (indirect inguinal hernia)
what happens normally to the peritoneal cavity after the testis has descended to the scrotum?
the peritoneal cavity obliterates, leaving just the small aspect of peritoneum covering the testicles
what is the peritoneal cavity left covering the testicle called?
tunica vaginalis
what does the gubernaculum become after the testicles have descended?
becomes a ligament and tethers the testicle down
what does the transversalis fascia become after testicular descend?
internal spermatic fascia
what is the inguinal canal a connection between?
the peritoneal cavity and scrotum (but not the whole way down)
what creates a pathway for peritoneal cavity to scrotum in males?
the descent to testes from the inguinal canal
