inguinal hernias - lecture video

Question 1

what is a hernia?

Answer 1

protrusion of visceral (organ) from its containing cavity

Question 2

what is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 2

abdominal content protrude through abdominal wall

Question 3

where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 3

from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 4

what is the mid-inguinal point?

Answer 4

1/2 way between ASIS & pubic symphysis

Question 5

what is underneath the mid-inguinal point?

Answer 5

femoral artery

Question 6

what is the femoral artery’s pre-quester?

Answer 6

external iliac artery before passing inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 7

what does the external iliac artery give rise to?

Answer 7

inferior epigastric artery & vein

Question 8

what is the mid-point of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 8

lateral

above entrance to inguinal canal (deep inguinal ring)

Question 9

what is the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

oblique short passage extends from inside peritoneal cavity in males to scrotum, to labrium majora in females

Question 10

what does the inguinal canal contain?

Answer 10

has deep ring (internal) & superficial ring, both lateral to pubic tubercles

Question 11

what is an indirect hernia?

Answer 11

loops of bowel enter deep ring, along inguinal canal, out superficial ring into scrotum

Question 12

what is a direct hernia?

Answer 12

pushes out of anterior abdominal wall, around superficial ring point

Question 13

what does gubernaculum connect?

Answer 13

inferior pole of testicle to developing scrotum

Question 14

what is the function of the gubernaculum?

Answer 14

guides testicle towards developing scrotum

gets shorter during development as testicles descends

Question 15

what happens during testicular descend?

Answer 15

drags blood supply with it

Question 16

what is the processes vaginalis?

Answer 16

outpouching of peritoneal cavity - goes ahead of descending testicle

Question 17

what wraps around the testicles?

Answer 17

muscle & fascia layer

Question 18

what happens if the processes vaginalis fails to obliterate?

Answer 18

gets a peritoneal lined pathway from the peritoneal cavity into the scrotum (path not shut off)

Question 19

what can processes vaginalis failing to obliterate lead to?

Answer 19

as the peritoneal cavity is intraperitoneal

bowel can descend, ass through inguinal canal into scrotum (indirect inguinal hernia)

Question 20

what happens normally to the peritoneal cavity after the testis has descended to the scrotum?

Answer 20

the peritoneal cavity obliterates, leaving just the small aspect of peritoneum covering the testicles

Question 21

what is the peritoneal cavity left covering the testicle called?

Answer 21

tunica vaginalis

Question 22

what does the gubernaculum become after the testicles have descended?

Answer 22

becomes a ligament and tethers the testicle down

Question 23

what does the transversalis fascia become after testicular descend?

Answer 23

internal spermatic fascia

Question 24

what is the inguinal canal a connection between?

Answer 24

the peritoneal cavity and scrotum (but not the whole way down)

Question 25

what creates a pathway for peritoneal cavity to scrotum in males?

Answer 25

the descent to testes from the inguinal canal