Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

where is the rectum located?

A

The rectum is the most distal segment of the large intestine

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2
Q

what is the role of the rectum?

A

temporary store of faeces

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3
Q

what is the rectum continuous with proximally?

A

It is continuous proximally with the sigmoid colon

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4
Q

where does the rectum terminate into?

A

terminates into the anal canal

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5
Q

approximately how long is the rectum?

A

15cm long

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6
Q

where does the rectum begin?

A

at the level of S3 (as a continuation of the sigmoid colon)

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7
Q

how is the rectum macroscopically distinct from the colon?

A

with an absence of taenia coli, haustra, and omental appendices

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8
Q

what are the 2 major flexures that mark the course of the rectum?

A

Sacral flexure

Anorectal flexure – .

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9
Q

what is the sacral flexure?

A

anteroposterior curve with concavity anteriorly

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10
Q

what is the anorectal flexure?

A

anteroposterior curve with convexity anteriorly

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11
Q

what does the sacral flexure follow?

A

follows the curve of the sacrum and coccyx

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12
Q

what forms the anorectal flexure?

A

formed by the tone of the puborectalis muscle, and contributes significantly to faecal continence

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13
Q

how many additional lateral flexures are there?

A

3 additional lateral flexures

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14
Q

what are the 3 additional lateral flexures?

A

superior, intermediate, inferior

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15
Q

what are the 3 additional lateral flexures formed by?

A

transverse folds of the internal rectum wall

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16
Q

what is the final segment of the rectum?

A

the ampulla

17
Q

what happens when the ampulla relaxes?

A

relaxes to accumulate and temporarily store faeces until defecation occurs

18
Q

what is the ampulla continuous with?

A

continuous with the anal canal

19
Q

what does the anal canal pass through?

A

passes through the pelvic floor to end as the anus

20
Q

in the superior third of the rectum, what covers the anterior surfaces and lateral sides?

A

covered by peritoneum

21
Q

where does the peritoneum cover in the middle third of the rectum?

A

only has anterior peritoneal covering

22
Q

is there peritoneum in the lower 1/3

A

no peritoneum associated with it

23
Q

in males, what forms the rectovesical pouch?

A

the reflection of peritoneum from the rectum to the posterior bladder wall

24
Q

in female, what forms the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

A

the peritoneum reflects to the posterior vagina and cervix

25
Q

where is the rectum located?

A

within the pelvic cavity

26
Q

what is the rectum in terms of the pelvic viscera?

A

most posterior of the pelvic viscera

27
Q

how is the anatomical relations of the rectum in males and females?

A

different anatomical relations

28
Q

what is anterior to the rectum in males?

A
Rectovesical pouch
Sigmoid colon
Ileum
Bladder
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
29
Q

what is anterior to the female rectum?

A
Rectouterine pouch
Sigmoid colon
Ileum
Vagina
Cervix
30
Q

what is posterior to the rectum in males and females?

A
Sacrum and coccyx
Piriformis
Coccygeus
Levator ani
Sacral plexus