Rectum - neurovascular and lymph drainage Flashcards
how many arteries does the rectum receive its arterial supply through?
through three main arteries
what are the 3 main arteries supplying the rectum?
Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery
what is the superior rectal artery continuation of?
terminal continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery
what is the middle rectal artery a branch of?
internal iliac artery
what is the inferior rectal artery a branch of?
internal pudendal artery
what is the venous drainage to the rectum via?
via the corresponding superior, middle and inferior rectal veins. The superior rectal vein empties into the portal venous system, whilst the middle and inferior rectal veins empty into the . Anastamoses between the portal and systemic veins are located in the wall of anal canal, making this a site of portocaval anastomosis.
what does the superior rectal vein empty into?
portal venous system
what do the middle and inferior rectal veins empty into?
systemic venous system
between which veins does anastamoses occur between?
portal and systemic veins
where is the anastamoses between the portal and systemic veins located?
in the wall of anal canal - site of portocaval anastomosis
what is the rectum closely anatomically associated with?
the rectal venous plexus
what is the rectum’s structure more functionally related to?
anal canal
what does the rectum receive innervation from?
receives sensory and autonomic innervation
where is the sympathetic nervous supply to the rectum from?
from the lumbar splanchnic nerves and superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
where is parasympathetic supply to the rectum from?
S2-4 via the pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric plexuses
what follows the parasympathetic supply to the rectum?
visceral afferent (sensory) fibres
where is lymphatic drainage of the rectum via?
via the pararectal lymph nodes
what do the pararectal lymph nodes drain into?
inferior mesenteric nodes
where do lymph from the lower aspect of the rectum drain directly into?
into the internal iliac lymph nodes
digital rectal examination
what does the anterior wall of the rectum contain
a number of close anatomical structures
what can be palpated digitally via the rectum?
the number of anatomical structures on the anterior wall of the rectum
what is the most significant structures of the anterior wall of the rectum in males?
the prostate and seminal vesicles in males
what is the most significant structures of the anterior wall of the rectum in females?
cervix
what can be palpated in both sexes through digital rectal examination?
Bony structures, such as the sacrum and coccyx
