anal canal - neurovascular supply and lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the arterial supply above the pectineal line?

A

Superior rectal artery (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)
Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery.

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2
Q

what is the arterial supply below the pectineal line?

A

Inferior rectal artery (branch of the internal pudendal artery)
Anastomosing branches from the middle rectal artery.

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3
Q

what is the venous drainage above the pectineal line?

A

Superior rectal vein

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4
Q

what is the venous drainage below the pectineal line?

A

Inferior rectal vein

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5
Q

what does the superior rectal vein empty into?

A

inferior mesenteric vein

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6
Q

what does the inferiro rectal vein empty into?

A

pudendal vein

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7
Q

what is the nerve supply above the pectineal line?

A

Visceral innervation via the inferior hypogastric plexus.

Sensitive to stretch

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8
Q

what is the inferior hypogastric plexus sensitive to?

A

stretch

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9
Q

what is the nerve supply below the pectineal line?

A

Somatic innervation via the inferior anal nerves

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10
Q

what is the inferior anal nerves branches of?

A

pudendal nerve

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11
Q

what is the inferior anal nerves sensitive to?

A

pain, temperature, touch and pressure

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12
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage above the pectineal line?

A

Internal iliac lymph nodes

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13
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage below the pectineal line?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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14
Q

what are haemorrhoids?

A

Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions found within the anal canal of healthy individuals

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15
Q

what is it called when haemorrhoids become swollen and distended?

A

they are referred to as pathological haemorrhoids.

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16
Q

what is the function of haemorrhoids?

A

help with the maintenance faecal continence

17
Q

how are pathological haemorrhoids observed in people?

A

suffer from constipation, prolonged straining when defecating, or raised intra-abdominal pressure (e.g pregnancy, ascites).

18
Q

which position should patients be in upon examination of anal canal?

A

the patient in the lithotomy position

19
Q

where are haemorrhoids typically located?

A

typically located at the 3, 7 and 11 o’clock positions

20
Q

what can pathological haemorrhoids cause?

A

They can cause bleeding and pain on defecation

21
Q

how can pathological haemorrhoids be managed?

A

managed conservatively or surgically

depending on severity