Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology > The Skeleton > Flashcards

The Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletons?

A

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an axial skeleton?

A

It’s the skeleton in the middle of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an appendicular skeleton?

A

It’s the part of the skeleton that moves more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?
(6)

A

Skull

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Ribs

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
(3)

A

Upper limbs

Lower limbs

Pelvic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many bones does an average adult have?

A

206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system made up of?
(6)

A

Specialised connective tissues

Bone

Cartilage

Tendons

Ligaments

Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What colour is hyaline cartilage under a microscope?

A

Purple/grey/blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?
(7)

A

It makes up the embryonic skeleton

It’s in human adults at the ends of bones in free moving joints as articulate cartilage

It’s at the end of the ribs

It’s in the nose

It’s in the larynx

It’s in the trachea

It’s in the bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the ribs connect to?

A

The sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What colour is fibrocartilage under a microscope?

A

White

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?
(5)

A

In the spinal vertebrae

The menisci of the knee

The glenoid labra

The acetabular labra

The lining of the bony grooves for tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What colour is elastic cartilage under a microscope?

A

Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?
(3)

A

The external ear

The auditory tube of the middle ear

The epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

A flap in the larynx (throat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is elastic cartilage more flexible that the others?

A

It contains elastic fibres and collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a joint?

A

A connection that connects bones together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a joint also known as?
(2)

A

An articulation

An articulation surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the type and characteristics of a joint determine?
(2)

A

It’s degree

The type of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

The condition that’s caused by issues in the cartilage in the joint, which causes limited movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can joints be classified by?
(2)

A

Their function

Their structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Immoveable

Slightly moveable

Freely moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 3 joints in the body?
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
26
What type of joint are immoveable joints?
Fibrous
27
What type of joint are slightly moveable joints?
Cartilaginous
28
What type of joint are freely moveable joints?
Synovial
29
Why are synovial joints the most complex?
Because they allow for a large range of movement
30
What are all the fibrous joints? (3)
Suture Syndesmosis Gomphosis
31
What are all the cartilaginous joints? (2)
Synchondrosis Symphysis
32
What does the symphysis joint do? (2)
It connects the left and right pelvic bone It connects the menubrium and body of the sternum
33
What can the synovial joints be classified as? (6)
Plane joint Hinge joint Pivot joint Condyloid/ellipsoid joint Saddle joint Ball and socket joint
34
What does the plane joint do?
It lets the joint slide in 2 directions
35
What are the 3 types of plane joints?
Intercarpal Intertarsal Acromiomclavicular
36
What is an intercarpal joint?
Joints in the wrists
37
What is an intertarsal joint?
Joints in the feet
38
Where is the hinge joint found?
In between the talia and fibrilia
39
What does the hinge joint do?
It allows movement in only one direction- back and forth, bending and straightening
40
What does the pivot joint do?
It allows axial rotation
41
What does the condyloid/ellipsoid joint do?
It allows movement in 2 planes
42
What does the saddle joint do?
It allows movement in the saggital and frontal planes
43
What does the ball and socket joint do?
It allows forward, backward, sideways and rotating movements (it’s the most moveable joint)
44
What does the skull connect to?
The spine
45
What joint is the joint of the thumb called?
Carpometacarpal joint
46
What is the joint of the shoulder called?
The head of the humerus and glenoid fossa
47
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Skeletal muscle cells Cardiac muscle cells Smooth muscle cells
48
What do skeletal muscles do? (3)
They attach to the bone by tendons, and together, they produce all the movements of the body It provides structural support It helps in maintaining the posture of the body
49
What are the 3 types of connective tissue in skeletal muscle?
Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium
50
What does endomysium do?
It surrounds individual muscle fibers
51
What does perimysium do?
It surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)
52
What are fascicles?
Bundles of muscle fibers
53
What does epimysium do?
It surrounds the entire muscle
54
What are the morphological types of muscle? (13)
Quadrilateral Strap Strap with tendinitis intersections Fusiform Digastric Tricipital Triangular Crucial Spiral Multipennate Radial Bipennate Unipennate
55
What is the origin of a muscle?
The attachment of a muscle onto the more stable bones
56
What is the insertion of a muscle?
The attachment of a muscle, via a tendon, onto the more moveable bone
57
What does digiti mean?
It refers to a finger or toe
58
What does minimi mean?
Little
59
What’s the smallest and lightest bone of the human skeleton?
The stapes in the middle ear
60
What do the stapes in the middle ear do?
They transmit sound waves from the air outside to the cochlea
61
What is the function of a tendon?
To move a bone or structure. It connects muscle to bone
62
What are ligaments?
Fibrous connective tissues that bind bones together and stabilise structures
63
Where can we find ligaments? (2)
At the ACL and the PCL
64
What is the bone made up of? (3)
Bone minerals Cells Bone organic matrix
65
What bone minerals make up the bone? (2)
Calcium Phosphate
66
What cells make up the bone? (4)
Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteogenic cells
67
What bone organic matrix makes up the bone? (4)
Collagen Proteins Glycoproteins Carbohydrates
68
What happens during the development of an osteocyte (4)
Osteoclast resorbs (destroys) bone Osteogenic cell forms, which is a stem cell (it can differentiate into the other cells) Osteoblast forms bone matrix Osteocyte maintains bone tissue
69
What is a bone without mineral described as?
Flexible
70
What is a bone without collagen described as?
Brittle
71
What is the primary differentiation pathway for Osteogenic cells? (3)
Osteogenic cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes (after the osteoblasts become embedded in the bone matrix)
72
Why is the differentiation of Osteogenic cells important? (3)
It’s essential for bone growth, remodelling and repair
73
What is the macroscopic classification of a bone? (2)
Compact bone Trabecular/spongy bone
74
What is a compact bone?
The outside lining of the bone
75
What does periosteum do?
It covers the outer surface of bones
76
What does endosteum do?
It covers the inner surface of bones
77
What can bones be classified as? (5)
Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Sesamoid bone
78
What are the long bones? (2)
Humerus Femur
79
What are the short bones? (2)
Tarsals Carpals
80
What are the flat bones? (2)
Cranial bones Sternum
81
What are the irregular bones? (2)
Vertebrae Sacrum
82
What is the sesamoid bone?
Patella
83
What’s the longest and strongest bone of the human skeleton?
Femur
84
What are long bones composed of? (5)
Proximal and distal ephiphysis Proximal and distal metaphysis Diaphysis Articulation cartilage Endosteum and periosteum
85
What is the epiphysis?
The bottom part of the bone
86
What is the diaphysis?
The middle of the bone
87
Where does ossification start?
In diaphysis
88
What is osteogenesis?
The process of bone formation
89
What are the 2 types of ossification?
Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification
90
What happens in intramembranous ossification? (2)
Mesenchymal tissue is directly converted into bone It’s also the way that flat bones in the skull form
91
What happens in endochondral ossification?
Cartilage tissue is formed, and then it’s replaced by bone
92
What is mesenchymal tissue?
It’s the tissue that we have when we’re a foetus
93
What’s a neonatal arm?
The arm of a baby that’s just been born

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions