Feet And Ankles Flashcards
Where is the foot found?
The lower most part of the body
What is the foot essential for?
(3)
Mobility
Balance
Stability
How many bones does the foot have?
26 bones
What are the 3 types of bones found in the foot?
Tarsal bones
Metatarsal bones
Phalanges
What are the 3 sections of the foot?
Forefoot
Midfoot
Hindfoot
What does the forefoot contain?
(2)
The 5 toes (phalanges)
The 5 longer bones (metatarsals)
What does the midfoot include?
(3)
The 3 cuneiform bones
The cuboid bone
The navicular bone
What does the hindfoot form?
(2)
The heel and ankle
What is the ankle formed from?
The talus bone supporting the leg bones (tibia and fibula)
What is the heel bone also known as?
The calcaneus
What is the largest bone in the foot?
The calcaneus (heel bone)
Label the foot:
Label the foot:
What is the big toe also known as?
The halux
How many phalanges does the halux have?
2 phalanges- distal and proximal
Label the medial view of the right foot:
Label the lateral view of the right foot:
Label the superior view of the right foot:
What are all of the tarsal bones of the foot?
(7)
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Lateral cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
How can we remember the tarsal bones of the foot?
Tiger- talus
Cubs- calcaneus
Need- navicular
MILC- medial cuneiform
- intermediate cuneiform
- lateral cuneiform
- cuboid
What do the intrinsic foot muscles do?
(2)
They act to stabilise the foot and support the arches
They also produce fine movement of the toes
What are the 2 main groups that the intrinsic foot muscles can be divided into?
Plantar
Dorsal
Where are the plantar intrinsic foot muscles found?
At the bottom
Where are the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles found?
At the top of the
What do the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles do?
They extend the toes (out)
What do the plantar intrinsic foot muscles do?
They flex the toes (up)
Label the dorsal superficial muscles of the right foot:
What does extensor hallucis longus mean?
Extension of big toe
What does extensor digitorum breves mean?
Extension of other toes
How many muscle layers does the plantar group consist of?
4 muscle layers
What does abductor hallucis mean?
Abduct/ spread the big toe
What does flexor digitorum brevis mean?
Flexing other toes
What does abductor digiti minimi mean?
Abduct/spread the 5th toe (pinky toe)
What does flexor hallucis brevis mean?
Flex big toe
What does flexor digiti minimi brevis mean?
Flex 5th toe
Label the superficial muscles of the left sole:
Label the intermediate muscles of the left sole:
Label the deep muscles of the left sole:
What are the 4 main ligaments in the foot?
Plantar fascia
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Calcaneocuboid ligament
Lisfranc ligaments
What do the ligaments of the foot do?
(2)
They provide stability and support
They help to prevent excessive movement and injury
Where is the plantar fascia found?
In the medial calcaneal tubercle and ends at the 5 metatarsal bones
Which ligament is this?
Plantar fascia
What do the plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments do?
They support compression forces, e.g. running
Which ligaments do the calcaneocuboid ligaments consist of?
(4)
Medial calcaneocuboid ligament
Dorsolateral calcaneocuboid ligament
Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
Long plantar ligament
What ligaments do the Lisfranc ligaments consist of?
(3)
Dorsal
Interosseous
Plantar
What ligaments do the Lisfranc ligaments consist of?
(3)
Dorsal
Interosseous
Plantar
What do the Lisfranc ligaments do?
They maintain the stability of the midfoot
Which ligament do lots of fractures happen in?
Lisfranc ligaments
Label the foot joints:
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial saddle joint
What does the ankle joint consist of?
The distal end and medial malleolus of the tibia, and the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus of the fibula, with the talus
What types of ligaments are found in ankle joints?
(2)
Medial collateral or deltoid
Lateral collateral
How is the medial collateral or deltoid ligament formed in the ankle joint?
The apex is attached to the medial malleolus, and inserts on the navicular, calcaneus and talus
How does the medial collateral or deltoid ligament in the ankle joint look like?
Triangular
What are the 3 types of lateral collateral ligaments in the ankle joint?
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
What is the anterior talofibular attached to?
(2)
The lateral malleolus
The talus
What is the posterior talofibular attached to?
(2)
The malleolus fossa
The talus
What is the calcaneofibular attached to?
(2)
The lateral malleolus
The calcaneus
Label the medial view of the foot ligaments:
Label the lateral view of the foot ligaments:
What does ossification mean?
Bone formation
When does the calcaneus form?
In utero
When does the posterior calcaneal tuberosity form?
At 6-8 years old
When does the talus form?
In utero
When does the cuboid form?
In utero
When does the lateral cuneiform form?
At 1 year old
When does the epiphysis (base) of the first metatarsal form?
At age 3
When does the epiphysis (head) of the 2nd-5th metatarsals form?
At 3-4 years old
When do the phalanges form?
In utero
When do the epiphysis (base) of phalanges form?
At 2-8 years old
