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Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology > Feet And Ankles > Flashcards

Feet And Ankles Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the foot found?

A

The lower most part of the body

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2
Q

What is the foot essential for?
(3)

A

Mobility

Balance

Stability

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3
Q

How many bones does the foot have?

A

26 bones

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of bones found in the foot?

A

Tarsal bones

Metatarsal bones

Phalanges

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5
Q

What are the 3 sections of the foot?

A

Forefoot

Midfoot

Hindfoot

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6
Q

What does the forefoot contain?
(2)

A

The 5 toes (phalanges)

The 5 longer bones (metatarsals)

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7
Q

What does the midfoot include?
(3)

A

The 3 cuneiform bones

The cuboid bone

The navicular bone

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8
Q

What does the hindfoot form?
(2)

A

The heel and ankle

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9
Q

What is the ankle formed from?

A

The talus bone supporting the leg bones (tibia and fibula)

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10
Q

What is the heel bone also known as?

A

The calcaneus

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11
Q

What is the largest bone in the foot?

A

The calcaneus (heel bone)

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12
Q

Label the foot:

A
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13
Q

Label the foot:

A
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14
Q

What is the big toe also known as?

A

The halux

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15
Q

How many phalanges does the halux have?

A

2 phalanges- distal and proximal

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16
Q

Label the medial view of the right foot:

A
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17
Q

Label the lateral view of the right foot:

A
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18
Q

Label the superior view of the right foot:

A
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19
Q

What are all of the tarsal bones of the foot?
(7)

A

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Cuboid

Lateral cuneiform

Intermediate cuneiform

Medial cuneiform

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20
Q

How can we remember the tarsal bones of the foot?

A

Tiger- talus

Cubs- calcaneus

Need- navicular

MILC- medial cuneiform
- intermediate cuneiform
- lateral cuneiform
- cuboid

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21
Q

What do the intrinsic foot muscles do?
(2)

A

They act to stabilise the foot and support the arches

They also produce fine movement of the toes

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22
Q

What are the 2 main groups that the intrinsic foot muscles can be divided into?

A

Plantar

Dorsal

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23
Q

Where are the plantar intrinsic foot muscles found?

A

At the bottom

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24
Q

Where are the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles found?

A

At the top of the

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25
What do the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles do?
They extend the toes (out)
26
What do the plantar intrinsic foot muscles do?
They flex the toes (up)
27
Label the dorsal superficial muscles of the right foot:
28
What does extensor hallucis longus mean?
Extension of big toe
29
What does extensor digitorum breves mean?
Extension of other toes
30
How many muscle layers does the plantar group consist of?
4 muscle layers
31
What does abductor hallucis mean?
Abduct/ spread the big toe
32
What does flexor digitorum brevis mean?
Flexing other toes
33
What does abductor digiti minimi mean?
Abduct/spread the 5th toe (pinky toe)
34
What does flexor hallucis brevis mean?
Flex big toe
35
What does flexor digiti minimi brevis mean?
Flex 5th toe
36
Label the superficial muscles of the left sole:
37
Label the intermediate muscles of the left sole:
38
Label the deep muscles of the left sole:
39
What are the 4 main ligaments in the foot?
Plantar fascia Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Calcaneocuboid ligament Lisfranc ligaments
40
What do the ligaments of the foot do? (2)
They provide stability and support They help to prevent excessive movement and injury
41
Where is the plantar fascia found?
In the medial calcaneal tubercle and ends at the 5 metatarsal bones
42
Which ligament is this?
Plantar fascia
43
What do the plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments do?
They support compression forces, e.g. running
44
Which ligaments do the calcaneocuboid ligaments consist of? (4)
Medial calcaneocuboid ligament Dorsolateral calcaneocuboid ligament Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament Long plantar ligament
45
What ligaments do the Lisfranc ligaments consist of? (3)
Dorsal Interosseous Plantar
46
What ligaments do the Lisfranc ligaments consist of? (3)
Dorsal Interosseous Plantar
47
What do the Lisfranc ligaments do?
They maintain the stability of the midfoot
48
Which ligament do lots of fractures happen in?
Lisfranc ligaments
49
Label the foot joints:
50
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial saddle joint
51
What does the ankle joint consist of?
The distal end and medial malleolus of the tibia, and the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus of the fibula, with the talus
52
What types of ligaments are found in ankle joints? (2)
Medial collateral or deltoid Lateral collateral
53
How is the medial collateral or deltoid ligament formed in the ankle joint?
The apex is attached to the medial malleolus, and inserts on the navicular, calcaneus and talus
54
How does the medial collateral or deltoid ligament in the ankle joint look like?
Triangular
55
What are the 3 types of lateral collateral ligaments in the ankle joint?
Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular
56
What is the anterior talofibular attached to? (2)
The lateral malleolus The talus
57
What is the posterior talofibular attached to? (2)
The malleolus fossa The talus
58
What is the calcaneofibular attached to? (2)
The lateral malleolus The calcaneus
59
Label the medial view of the foot ligaments:
60
Label the lateral view of the foot ligaments:
61
What does ossification mean?
Bone formation
62
When does the calcaneus form?
In utero
63
When does the posterior calcaneal tuberosity form?
At 6-8 years old
64
When does the talus form?
In utero
65
When does the cuboid form?
In utero
66
When does the lateral cuneiform form?
At 1 year old
67
When does the epiphysis (base) of the first metatarsal form?
At age 3
68
When does the epiphysis (head) of the 2nd-5th metatarsals form?
At 3-4 years old
69
When do the phalanges form?
In utero
70
When do the epiphysis (base) of phalanges form?
At 2-8 years old

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology (25 decks)

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