Lower Limb

Question 1

Why are the lower limbs important?
(3)

Answer 1

They support the body weight (since they’re longer bones)

They provide locomotion

They maintain balance

Question 2

What are the 4 regions of the lower limb?

Answer 2

Pelvis

Thigh

Leg

Foot/ankle

Question 3

Label the lower limb:

Answer 3

Question 4

Label the anterior view of the femur:

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the posterior view of the femur:

Answer 5

Question 6

When does the shaft of the left femur and patella form (ossify)?

Answer 6

In utero

Question 7

When does the distal epiphysis of the left femur and patella form (ossify)?

Answer 7

Just before birth

Question 8

When does the femoral head form (ossify)?

Answer 8

At 6 months old

Question 9

When does the greater trochanter of the femur form (ossify)?

Answer 9

At 4 years old

Question 10

When does the lesser trochanter form (ossify)?

Answer 10

At 12 years old

Question 11

When does the patella form (ossify)?

Answer 11

At 3-6 years old

Question 12

What are the anterior muscles of the thigh?
(3)

Answer 12

Illiopsoas

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris

Question 13

What are the medial muscles of the thigh?
(2)

Answer 13

Adductor

Gracilis

Question 14

What are the posterior muscles of the thigh?
(3)

Answer 14

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Question 15

What does the Iliopsoas in the thigh do?

Answer 15

It provides the flexion of the hip joint

Question 16

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 16

Sartorius

Question 17

Which joints does the Sartorius muscle cross?
(2)

Answer 17

Hip joints

Knee joints

Question 18

What does the Sartorius muscle in the thigh do?
(3)

Answer 18

It flexes the hip

It externally rotates and abducts the leg

It flexes the knee

Question 19

What does the quadriceps femoris in the thigh do?

Answer 19

It provides great extension of the knee

Question 20

What does the adductor of the thigh do?

Answer 20

Addicts the hip

Question 21

What do the hamstrings in the thigh do?
(2)

Answer 21

Flex the knee joint

Extend the thigh

Question 22

What 2 bones is the lower leg composed of?

Answer 22

Tibia

Fibula

Question 23

Is the tibia bigger or smaller than the fibula?

Answer 23

Bigger

Question 24

Is the fibula bigger or smaller than the tibia?

Answer 24

Smaller

Question 25

Label the anterior view of the lower leg:

Answer 25

Question 26

Label the posterior view of the lower leg:

Answer 26

Question 27

Label the anterior view of the tibia:

Answer 27

Question 28

Label the posterior view of the tibia:

Answer 28

Question 29

Label the proximal view of the tibia:

Answer 29

Question 30

Label the medial view of the fibula:

Answer 30

Question 31

Label the lateral view of the fibula:

Answer 31

Question 32

Does the fibula articulate with the femur?

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

What are muscles and tendons of the leg? (4)

Answer 33

Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis muscles Achilles tendon

Question 34

What does the gastrocnemius do?

Answer 34

It allows plantar flexion in the ankle (toes pointing forwards)

Question 35

What does the soleus do?

Answer 35

It allows plantar flexion

Question 36

Where is the soleus found?

Answer 36

Behind the gastrocnemius

Question 37

Where are the tibialis muscles found?

Answer 37

Front and back of the leg

Question 38

What do the tibialis muscles do?

Answer 38

The front muscles allow dorsiflexion (toes pointing upwards) The back muscles help with plantar flexion and arch of the foot support

Question 39

What do the Achilles tendon do?

Answer 39

They attach the muscles of the calves to the bones of the ankle and foot

Question 40

What is the largest joint in the body?

Answer 40

The knee

Question 41

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 41

Mainly a hinge joint, for flexion and extension and a slight medial and lateral rotation

Question 42

Where is the patella located?

Answer 42

At the front of the knee

Question 43

Why is the patella important?

Answer 43

It acts as a protective barrier for the knee joint Extend

Question 44

Label the knee:

Answer 44

Question 45

What are the 4 main ligaments that the knee contains?

Answer 45

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) The medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL) The lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 46

What does ACL stand for?

Answer 46

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 47

What does PCL stand for?

Answer 47

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 48

What does MCL stand for?

Answer 48

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Question 49

What does LCL stand for?

Answer 49

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

Question 50

Where are the ACL and PCL located?

Answer 50

Inside the knee

Question 51

What are the ACL and PCL responsible for? (2)

Answer 51

Stabilising the knee Preventing excessive movement in the front to back and back to front directions

Question 52

Where are the MCL and LCL located?

Answer 52

On the sides of the knee

Question 53

What are the MCL and LCL responsible for? (2)

Answer 53

Stabilising the knee Preventing excessive movement in medial to lateral and lateral to medial directions

Question 54

Label the ligaments in the knee:

Answer 54

Question 55

Label the ligaments in the knee:

Answer 55

Question 56

What is the menisci?

Answer 56

2 C-shaped pieces of fibre cartilage found in the knee

Question 57

Where are the menisci located?

Answer 57

Between the femur and tibia

Question 58

What is the menisci responsible for? (3)

Answer 58

Providing cushioning and stability to the knee They act as shock absorbers when we’re walking and the upper leg is hitting the lower leg They keep the knee joint stable and smooth during movement

Question 59

Label the menisci:

Answer 59

Question 60

Label the menisci:

Answer 60