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Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the lower limbs important?
(3)

A

They support the body weight (since they’re longer bones)

They provide locomotion

They maintain balance

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2
Q

What are the 4 regions of the lower limb?

A

Pelvis

Thigh

Leg

Foot/ankle

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3
Q

Label the lower limb:

A
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4
Q

Label the anterior view of the femur:

A
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5
Q

Label the posterior view of the femur:

A
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6
Q

When does the shaft of the left femur and patella form (ossify)?

A

In utero

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7
Q

When does the distal epiphysis of the left femur and patella form (ossify)?

A

Just before birth

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8
Q

When does the femoral head form (ossify)?

A

At 6 months old

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9
Q

When does the greater trochanter of the femur form (ossify)?

A

At 4 years old

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10
Q

When does the lesser trochanter form (ossify)?

A

At 12 years old

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11
Q

When does the patella form (ossify)?

A

At 3-6 years old

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12
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the thigh?
(3)

A

Illiopsoas

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

What are the medial muscles of the thigh?
(2)

A

Adductor

Gracilis

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14
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the thigh?
(3)

A

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

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15
Q

What does the Iliopsoas in the thigh do?

A

It provides the flexion of the hip joint

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16
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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17
Q

Which joints does the Sartorius muscle cross?
(2)

A

Hip joints

Knee joints

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18
Q

What does the Sartorius muscle in the thigh do?
(3)

A

It flexes the hip

It externally rotates and abducts the leg

It flexes the knee

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19
Q

What does the quadriceps femoris in the thigh do?

A

It provides great extension of the knee

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20
Q

What does the adductor of the thigh do?

A

Addicts the hip

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21
Q

What do the hamstrings in the thigh do?
(2)

A

Flex the knee joint

Extend the thigh

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22
Q

What 2 bones is the lower leg composed of?

A

Tibia

Fibula

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23
Q

Is the tibia bigger or smaller than the fibula?

A

Bigger

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24
Q

Is the fibula bigger or smaller than the tibia?

A

Smaller

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25
Q

Label the anterior view of the lower leg:

26
Q

Label the posterior view of the lower leg:

27
Q

Label the anterior view of the tibia:

28
Q

Label the posterior view of the tibia:

29
Q

Label the proximal view of the tibia:

30
Q

Label the medial view of the fibula:

31
Q

Label the lateral view of the fibula:

32
Q

Does the fibula articulate with the femur?

33
Q

What are muscles and tendons of the leg?
(4)

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Tibialis muscles

Achilles tendon

34
Q

What does the gastrocnemius do?

A

It allows plantar flexion in the ankle (toes pointing forwards)

35
Q

What does the soleus do?

A

It allows plantar flexion

36
Q

Where is the soleus found?

A

Behind the gastrocnemius

37
Q

Where are the tibialis muscles found?

A

Front and back of the leg

38
Q

What do the tibialis muscles do?

A

The front muscles allow dorsiflexion (toes pointing upwards)

The back muscles help with plantar flexion and arch of the foot support

39
Q

What do the Achilles tendon do?

A

They attach the muscles of the calves to the bones of the ankle and foot

40
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

41
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Mainly a hinge joint, for flexion and extension and a slight medial and lateral rotation

42
Q

Where is the patella located?

A

At the front of the knee

43
Q

Why is the patella important?

A

It acts as a protective barrier for the knee joint Extend

44
Q

Label the knee:

45
Q

What are the 4 main ligaments that the knee contains?

A

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

The medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

The lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

46
Q

What does ACL stand for?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

47
Q

What does PCL stand for?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

48
Q

What does MCL stand for?

A

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

49
Q

What does LCL stand for?

A

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

50
Q

Where are the ACL and PCL located?

A

Inside the knee

51
Q

What are the ACL and PCL responsible for?
(2)

A

Stabilising the knee

Preventing excessive movement in the front to back and back to front directions

52
Q

Where are the MCL and LCL located?

A

On the sides of the knee

53
Q

What are the MCL and LCL responsible for?
(2)

A

Stabilising the knee

Preventing excessive movement in medial to lateral and lateral to medial directions

54
Q

Label the ligaments in the knee:

55
Q

Label the ligaments in the knee:

56
Q

What is the menisci?

A

2 C-shaped pieces of fibre cartilage found in the knee

57
Q

Where are the menisci located?

A

Between the femur and tibia

58
Q

What is the menisci responsible for?
(3)

A

Providing cushioning and stability to the knee

They act as shock absorbers when we’re walking and the upper leg is hitting the lower leg

They keep the knee joint stable and smooth during movement

59
Q

Label the menisci:

60
Q

Label the menisci:

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology (19 decks)

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