Radiographic Presentation Of Pathologies Of The Foot And Ankle Flashcards
What are the alignments for a foot x-ray?
(2)
AP view
Oblique view
How do we do an AP foot x-ray view?
Medial aspect of the 2nd metatarsal base should align with the medial aspect of the intermediate cuneiform
How do we do an oblique foot x-ray view?
The medial aspect of the 3rd metatarsal base should align with the medial aspect of the intermediate cuneiform
How would an AP foot x-ray look like?
How would an oblique foot x-ray look like?
What could happen to the bones of the foot?
(5)
Fractures
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory arthropathy
Infection
Bone lesions
Where are the most common fractures in the foot?
(3)
Metatarsal neck and metatarsal bases
Proximal phalanges
Distal phalanx of the great toe
What does osteoarthritis in the foot cause?
(3)
Joint space narrowing (non-uniform and unilateral)
Osteophyte and cyst formation
Subchondral sclerosis
What are the features of aetiology?
(5)
It’s primarily caused by mechanical factors
It’s secondary to previous trauma or infection
It involves predominantly the first metatarsophalangeal joint and tarsometatarsal joints
There’s no gender predominance
It’s common in people over 40 years of age
What can rheumatoid arthritis in the foot cause?
(9)
Joint space narrowing (uniform and bilateral)
Erosions
Osteopaenia
Subluxations
Ankylosis
Soft tissue swelling
Women are the most affected
The presentation of symptoms occur between 40 and 60 years of age
It involves the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalengeal joints and intertarsal joints
What can an infection in the foot cause?
(4)
Cortical destruction
Periosteal reaction
Osteopenia
Soft tissue swelling
What can an infection in the foot be caused by?
(5)
Open wound
Post-operative procedures
Haematogenous process
Distal phalanges are a common site
Diabetic patients are frequently affected
What are the features of bony lesions in the foot?
(3)
No age or gender predominance
Most of them are benign
The metatarsals and phalanges are common sites
What alignments should we do for the ankle?
(2)
AP mortice
Lateral
How do we align for an AP mortice view of the ankle?
(3)
Tibia and fibula should overlap
The lateral and medial malleoli should be in profile
Tibiotalar joint space should be open and equal
How should we align for a lateral view of the ankle?
(3)
The distal fibula should be superimposed by the posterior part of the distal tibia
The talar domes should be superimposed
The joint space between the tibia and the talus should be uniform
Where are the common fractures of the ankle?
(4)
Lateral, medial and posterior malleoli
Neck and dome of the talus
Navicular
Calcaneus
What are the features of osteoarthritis in the ankle?
(3)
It predominantly involves the tibiotalar joint and talonavicular joints
There’s no gender predominance
It’s common in people over 40 years of age
What are the features of rheumatoid arthritis in the ankle?
(3)
Soft tissue thickening in the pre-Achilles bursa
Uniform joint space loss at the tibiotalar joint
Erosions to the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus and distal tibiofibular joints
What are the features of bone lesions in the ankle?
(3)
No age or gender predominance
Commonly benign
The calcaneus is a common site
What do we have to be mindful of when there’s an inversion injury of the ankle and foot?
Pay attention to the base of the 5th metatarsal
