The Ankle And Foot Flashcards
What does the ankle joint connect?
The lower leg with the foot
What bones is the ankle composed of?
(3)
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
How are the tibiotalar and talofibular joints formed?
The distal tibia and fibula articulates with the talus
What do the tibiotalar and talofibular joints enable?
The flexion and extension of the foot
Label the ankle:
Label the ankle:
How many bones make up the foot?
26 bones
How many and what type of each bone makes up the foot?
(3)
7 tarsal bones
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
What types of bones make up the forefoot?
(2)
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What type of bones make up the midfoot?
(3)
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms
What type of bones make up the hindfoot?
(2)
Calcaneus
Talus
Label where the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot is:
What are the features of the metatarsals in the forefoot?
(4)
They’re numbered 1st- 5th
Each metatarsal has a base (proximally), a shaft and a head (distally)
The base of the metatarsals articulates with cuneiforms and cuboid, forming the torso metatarsal joints
The head of the metatarsals articulates with the base of the proximal phalanges, forming the metatasophalangeal joints
What are the features of the phalanges in the forefoot?
(5)
The great toe has 2 phalanges (proximally and distal), and the 2nd-5th toes have 3 phalanges (proximal, middle and distal)
Each phalanx has a base, a shaft and a head
The base of the proximal phalanges articulates with the metatarsal heads, forming the metatarsophalangeal joints
The head of the proximal phalanx of the great toe articulates with the base of the distal phalanx, forming the interphalangeal joints
The head of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd-5th toes articulate with the base of the middle phalanx, forming the proximal interphalangeal joint. The head of the medial phalanx articulate with the base of the distal phalanx, composing the distal interphalangeal joint
Label the forefoot:
What are the features of the cuboid bone in the midfoot?
(2)
It’s cubical-shaped
It articulates proximally with the calcaneus (calcaneocuboid joint), medially with the lateral cuneiform (cuboideocuneiform joint) and with the navicular (cuboideonavicular joint) and distally with the 4th and 5th metatarsals (4th and 5th tarsometatarsal joints)
Which bone is this?
Cuboid
Which bone is this?
Navicular
What are the features of the navicular bone in the midfoot?
(2)
It resembles a small boat
It articulates distally with the cuneiforms, forming the naviculocuneiform joints, and proximally with the talus forming the talonavicular joint
What are the features of the cuneiforms?
(2)
They’re wedge-shaped (medial, intermediate and lateral)
Each cuneiform articulates distally with the base of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsals, forming the tarsometatarsal joints
Which bones in the midfoot are these?
Cuneiforms
What are the features of the talus in the hindfoot?
(3)
It’s the 2nd largest bone in the hindfoot
It has a body, head and neck
It has 3 areas of articulation (tibiotalar, subtalar and talonavicular)
Which bone in the hindfoot is this?
Talus
What are the features of the calcaneus?
(2)
It’s referred commonly as heel bone
It articulates with the talus superiorly, forming the subtalar joint, and with the cuboid anteriorly, forming the calcaneocuboid joint
Which bone in the hindfoot is this?
Calcaneus
What is CT used to look for?
(4)
Complex fractures
Foreign bodies
Inflammatory or infectious processes
Pre-operative planning and post-operative follow up
What is MRI used to look for?
(5)
Ligamentous injuries
Occult fractures
Arthropathies and inflammatory processes
Soft tissue and bony infections
Malignancy
