Forearm, Arm, Elbow And Shoulder Flashcards
1
Q
What is the forearm formed by?
(2)
A
The radius
The ulna
2
Q
Label this anterior view of the forearm:
A
3
Q
Label this posterior view of the forearm:
A
4
Q
Label this anterior view of the upper body:
A
5
Q
Label this posterior view of the upper body:
A
6
Q
Label this posterior view of the upper body:
A
7
Q
Label this forearm:
A
8
Q
What is the Interosseous membrane?
A
The space in between the ulna and the radius
9
Q
Is the ulna anterior or posterior?
A
Posterior
10
Q
What makes up the ulna?
(5)
A
Olecranon
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Radial notch
Styloid process
11
Q
What is a notch?
A
A depression where another bone will join
12
Q
Is the coronoid process an anterior or posterior projection?
A
Anterior projection
13
Q
What is the olecranon?
A
The point of elbow
14
Q
What does the trochlear notch do?
A
It articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
15
Q
Where is the radial notch found?
A
On the lateral side of the coronoid process
16
Q
What does the radial notch do?
A
It articulates with the head of the radius
17
Q
What is the styloid process?
A
The part of the wrist that we can feel
18
Q
Which part of the ulna is bigger- the proximal part or the distal part?
A
Proximal part
19
Q
What is the radius compared to the ulna?
A
Shorter
Lateral
20
Q
What does the radius do?
A
It articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna
21
Q
How do we now what the radial tuberosity is?
A
It’s the little bump in the bone
22
Q
What is the radial tuberosity?
A
It’s where the biceps connect
23
Q
What is the shaft of the bone also known as?
A
The body
24
Q
Label the radius:
A
25
Where do most fractures in the radius occur?
In the neck
26
What can the humerus be divided into?
(3)
Proximal extremity
Body
Distal extremity
27
What does the humerus articulate with?
(3)
The glenoid fossa of the scapula (proximally)
The head of the radius (distally)
The trochlear notch of the ulna (distally)
28
What is the trochlear?
Where the humerus connects to
29
What does the proximal extremity of the humerus connect to?
The shoulder
30
What is a fossa?
Where veins and arteries are, causing a big depression
31
Label the anterior view of the humerus:
32
Label the posterior view of the humerus:
33
Label the posterior view of the humerus:
34
What does the proximal portion of the humerus include?
(7)
Head
Glenohumeral joint
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Intertbercular groove
Deltoid tubercle
35
Where is the glenohumeral joint found?
Between the scapula and humerus
36
Is the greater tubercle more lateral or more medial?
More lateral
37
What is the intertubercular groove?
The depression between the greater and lesser tubercle
38
Is the lesser tubercle more lateral or more medial?
More medial
39
Label the posterior view of the proximal portion of the humerus:
40
Label the anterior view of the proximal portion of the humerus:
41
What does the distal portion of the humerus include?
(6)
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Intertubercular groove (sulcus)
Olecranon fossa
42
Is the lateral epicondyle or medial epicondyle more prominent?
Medial epicondyle
43
What is the olecranon fossa?
Where the olecranon sits, so there’s a depression to allow this
44
Is the trochlea lateral or medial?
Lateral
45
Is the olecranon fossa anterior or posterior?
Posterior
46
Label the posterior view of the distal portion of the humerus:
47
Label the anterior view of the distal portion of the humerus:
48
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge
49
What does the articular cartilage do?
Protects bones from touching each other and causing erosion
50
Label the anterior view of the elbow:
51
Label the posterior view of the elbow:
52
What are the 3 bones in the elbow?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
53
What are the 2 joints in the elbow?
Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
54
What is the humeroulnar joint?
It’s the joint between the trochlea, on the medial aspect of the distal end of the humerus, and the trochlear notch on the proximal ulna
55
What is the humeroradial joint?
The joint between the capitulum, on the lateral aspect of the distal end of the humerus, with the head of the radius
56
What does he capitulum of the elbow connect to?
The head of the radius
57
Label the anterior view of the elbow:
58
Label the anterior view of the elbow:
59
Label the posterior view of the elbow:
60
Is the ulner always lateral or medial?
Medial
61
Are the radius and capitulum always medial or lateral?
Lateral
62
Label the lateral view of the elbow:
63
Label the medial view of the elbow:
64
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
(2)
Why?
Synovial
Ball and socket
It allows for the most range of movement
65
What are the 4 bones involved in the shoulder?
Scapula (shoulder blades)
Clavicle (anterior)
Head of humerus
Manubrium of the sternum (top part of the sternum)
66
What is the manubrium of the sternum?
The top part of the sternum
67
What is the glenoid cavity?
Where the head of the humerus sits
68
What is the top part of the scapula called?
The superior angle
69
What is the bottom part of the scapula called?
Inferior angle
70
Label the anterior view of the scapula:
71
Label the posterior view of the scapula:
72
Where do the fractures tend to occur in the scapula?
The spinous process
73
Label the lateral view of the scapula:
74
What does the acromial end of the clavicle do?
It attaches to the acromion of the scapula
75
Label the superior surface of the clavicle:
76
Label the inferior surface of the clavicle:
77
Where do most fractures occur in the clavicle?
The surgical neck
78
Label the anterior view of the clavicle:
79
What are the 4 joints in the shoulder?
Gleno-humeral
Acromio-clavicular (AC)
Sterno-clavicular
Scapulo-thoracic
80
What does the gleno-humeral joint do?
It provides the most movement in the shoulder
81
What does the sterno-clavicular joint do?
It attaches to the clavicle
82
What is the scapulo-thoracic joint?
Where the scapula and ribs attach
83
What does the scapulo-thoracic joint do?
It allows for the elevation and depression of the shoulder
84
Label the shoulder joints:
85
What are the 2 compartments of muscles in the arm?
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
86
What muscles are part of the anterior compartment in the arm?
(3)
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobranchilias
87
What muscles are part of the posterior compartment in the arm?
(2)
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
88
How many heads do triceps have?
3 heads
89
Label the short and long heads of the biceps brachii:
90
How many heads do biceps have?
2 heads
91
What is the function of biceps?
(2)
Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint
Weak flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
92
Where are the biceps brachii located?
(2)
Radial tuberosity of the radius
Deep fascia of the forearm
93
What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii?
The apex (on top) of the coracoid process of the scapula
94
What is the origin of the long head on the biceps brachii?
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
95
Label the coracobrachialis and brachialis:
96
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
The coracoid process of the scapula
97
Where is the coracobrachialis located?
At the anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft
98
What is the function of the coracobrachialis?
Addiction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint
99
What is the origin of the brachialis?
The distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus
100
Where is the brachialis located?
(2)
Coronoid process of the ulna
Tuberosity of the ulna
101
What is the function of the brachialis?
Strong flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
102
Label the triceps brachii:
103
Is the triceps brachii a big or small muscle?
Small muscle
104
What does the triceps brachii help with?
The extension of the elbow
105
Where is the triceps brachii located?
Next to the triceps on the posterior side
106
How many heads does the triceps brachii have?
3 heads
107
What are the 3 heads of the triceps brachii called?
Longe head
Lateral head
Medial head
108
What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
109
What is the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii?
Posterior surface of the humerus
110
What is the origin of the lateral origin of the triceps brachii?
Posterior surface of the humerus
111
Where is the triceps brachii located?
(2)
In the olecranon of the ulna
In the fascia of the forearm
112
What is the function of the triceps brachii?
(2)
At the elbow joint, extension of the forearm
At the shoulder joint, extension and abduction of the arm
113
Label the long, lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii:
114
What does the deltoid muscle do?
(2)
It gives he shoulders rounded contours
It covers the gleno-humeral joint
115
What does the deltoid muscle have proximal attachments to?
(2)
Clavicle
Scapula
116
What does the deltoid muscle have distal attachments to?
The deltoid tubercle in the humerus
117
What is the main action of the deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the arm
118
What 3 parts form the deltoid muscle?
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
119
Which muscle is this?
Deltoid muscle
120
What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
How do we remember this?
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
SITS
121
Out of the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff muscles, which one is more anterior?
Subscapularis
122
Where is the supraspinatus found?
It runs on top of the spine of the scapula
123
Where is the infraspinatus found?
It runs below the spine of the scapula
124
Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?
Anterior view
125
Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?
Posterior view
126
Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?
Posterior
127
What do the rotator cuff muscles do around the joint?
They form a type of ring around the joint
128
What do rotator cuff muscles do?
They’re the main source of stability in the shoulder joint
129
What are the main actions of the rotator cuff muscle?
(2)
Medial rotation of the shoulder
Lateral rotation of the shoulder
130
Label the interior of the right shoulder joint:
131
What is the shoulder girdle composed of?
(4)
3 bones
3 joints
A rotator cuff
Deltoid muscle
132
What 3 bones is the shoulder girdle composed of?
Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal humerus
133
What 3 joints is the shoulder girdle composed of?
Acromioclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
134
What is the acromion?
It’s the bony prominence of the scapula
135
136
What are the key features of the scapula?
(4)
Acromion
Coracoid process
Scapular spine
Glenoid
137
What is the coracoid process?
A prominent bony feature of the scapula
138
What is the scapular spine?
The ridge of one running along the posterior surface of the scapula
139
What is the glenoid?
The socket part of the scapula, where the numeral head fits
140
