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Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology > Forearm, Arm, Elbow And Shoulder > Flashcards

Forearm, Arm, Elbow And Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forearm formed by?
(2)

A

The radius

The ulna

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2
Q

Label this anterior view of the forearm:

A
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3
Q

Label this posterior view of the forearm:

A
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4
Q

Label this anterior view of the upper body:

A
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5
Q

Label this posterior view of the upper body:

A
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6
Q

Label this posterior view of the upper body:

A
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7
Q

Label this forearm:

A
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8
Q

What is the Interosseous membrane?

A

The space in between the ulna and the radius

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9
Q

Is the ulna anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

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10
Q

What makes up the ulna?
(5)

A

Olecranon

Coronoid process

Trochlear notch

Radial notch

Styloid process

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11
Q

What is a notch?

A

A depression where another bone will join

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12
Q

Is the coronoid process an anterior or posterior projection?

A

Anterior projection

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13
Q

What is the olecranon?

A

The point of elbow

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14
Q

What does the trochlear notch do?

A

It articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

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15
Q

Where is the radial notch found?

A

On the lateral side of the coronoid process

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16
Q

What does the radial notch do?

A

It articulates with the head of the radius

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17
Q

What is the styloid process?

A

The part of the wrist that we can feel

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18
Q

Which part of the ulna is bigger- the proximal part or the distal part?

A

Proximal part

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19
Q

What is the radius compared to the ulna?

A

Shorter

Lateral

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20
Q

What does the radius do?

A

It articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

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21
Q

How do we now what the radial tuberosity is?

A

It’s the little bump in the bone

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22
Q

What is the radial tuberosity?

A

It’s where the biceps connect

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23
Q

What is the shaft of the bone also known as?

A

The body

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24
Q

Label the radius:

A
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25
Q

Where do most fractures in the radius occur?

A

In the neck

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26
Q

What can the humerus be divided into?
(3)

A

Proximal extremity

Body

Distal extremity

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27
Q

What does the humerus articulate with?
(3)

A

The glenoid fossa of the scapula (proximally)

The head of the radius (distally)

The trochlear notch of the ulna (distally)

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28
Q

What is the trochlear?

A

Where the humerus connects to

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29
Q

What does the proximal extremity of the humerus connect to?

A

The shoulder

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30
Q

What is a fossa?

A

Where veins and arteries are, causing a big depression

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31
Q

Label the anterior view of the humerus:

A
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32
Q

Label the posterior view of the humerus:

A
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33
Q

Label the posterior view of the humerus:

A
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34
Q

What does the proximal portion of the humerus include?
(7)

A

Head

Glenohumeral joint

Anatomical neck

Surgical neck

Greater tubercle

Intertbercular groove

Deltoid tubercle

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35
Q

Where is the glenohumeral joint found?

A

Between the scapula and humerus

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36
Q

Is the greater tubercle more lateral or more medial?

A

More lateral

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37
Q

What is the intertubercular groove?

A

The depression between the greater and lesser tubercle

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38
Q

Is the lesser tubercle more lateral or more medial?

A

More medial

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39
Q

Label the posterior view of the proximal portion of the humerus:

A
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40
Q

Label the anterior view of the proximal portion of the humerus:

A
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41
Q

What does the distal portion of the humerus include?
(6)

A

Medial epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle

Capitulum

Trochlea

Intertubercular groove (sulcus)

Olecranon fossa

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42
Q

Is the lateral epicondyle or medial epicondyle more prominent?

A

Medial epicondyle

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43
Q

What is the olecranon fossa?

A

Where the olecranon sits, so there’s a depression to allow this

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44
Q

Is the trochlea lateral or medial?

A

Lateral

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45
Q

Is the olecranon fossa anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

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46
Q

Label the posterior view of the distal portion of the humerus:

A
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47
Q

Label the anterior view of the distal portion of the humerus:

A
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48
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge

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49
Q

What does the articular cartilage do?

A

Protects bones from touching each other and causing erosion

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50
Q

Label the anterior view of the elbow:

A
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51
Q

Label the posterior view of the elbow:

A
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52
Q

What are the 3 bones in the elbow?

A

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

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53
Q

What are the 2 joints in the elbow?

A

Humeroulnar joint

Humeroradial joint

54
Q

What is the humeroulnar joint?

A

It’s the joint between the trochlea, on the medial aspect of the distal end of the humerus, and the trochlear notch on the proximal ulna

55
Q

What is the humeroradial joint?

A

The joint between the capitulum, on the lateral aspect of the distal end of the humerus, with the head of the radius

56
Q

What does he capitulum of the elbow connect to?

A

The head of the radius

57
Q

Label the anterior view of the elbow:

A
58
Q

Label the anterior view of the elbow:

A
59
Q

Label the posterior view of the elbow:

A
60
Q

Is the ulner always lateral or medial?

A

Medial

61
Q

Are the radius and capitulum always medial or lateral?

A

Lateral

62
Q

Label the lateral view of the elbow:

A
63
Q

Label the medial view of the elbow:

A
64
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
(2)
Why?

A

Synovial

Ball and socket

It allows for the most range of movement

65
Q

What are the 4 bones involved in the shoulder?

A

Scapula (shoulder blades)

Clavicle (anterior)

Head of humerus

Manubrium of the sternum (top part of the sternum)

66
Q

What is the manubrium of the sternum?

A

The top part of the sternum

67
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

Where the head of the humerus sits

68
Q

What is the top part of the scapula called?

A

The superior angle

69
Q

What is the bottom part of the scapula called?

A

Inferior angle

70
Q

Label the anterior view of the scapula:

A
71
Q

Label the posterior view of the scapula:

A
72
Q

Where do the fractures tend to occur in the scapula?

A

The spinous process

73
Q

Label the lateral view of the scapula:

A
74
Q

What does the acromial end of the clavicle do?

A

It attaches to the acromion of the scapula

75
Q

Label the superior surface of the clavicle:

A
76
Q

Label the inferior surface of the clavicle:

A
77
Q

Where do most fractures occur in the clavicle?

A

The surgical neck

78
Q

Label the anterior view of the clavicle:

A
79
Q

What are the 4 joints in the shoulder?

A

Gleno-humeral

Acromio-clavicular (AC)

Sterno-clavicular

Scapulo-thoracic

80
Q

What does the gleno-humeral joint do?

A

It provides the most movement in the shoulder

81
Q

What does the sterno-clavicular joint do?

A

It attaches to the clavicle

82
Q

What is the scapulo-thoracic joint?

A

Where the scapula and ribs attach

83
Q

What does the scapulo-thoracic joint do?

A

It allows for the elevation and depression of the shoulder

84
Q

Label the shoulder joints:

A
85
Q

What are the 2 compartments of muscles in the arm?

A

Anterior compartment

Posterior compartment

86
Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment in the arm?
(3)

A

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobranchilias

87
Q

What muscles are part of the posterior compartment in the arm?
(2)

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

88
Q

How many heads do triceps have?

A

3 heads

89
Q

Label the short and long heads of the biceps brachii:

A
90
Q

How many heads do biceps have?

A

2 heads

91
Q

What is the function of biceps?
(2)

A

Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint

Weak flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

92
Q

Where are the biceps brachii located?
(2)

A

Radial tuberosity of the radius

Deep fascia of the forearm

93
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii?

A

The apex (on top) of the coracoid process of the scapula

94
Q

What is the origin of the long head on the biceps brachii?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

95
Q

Label the coracobrachialis and brachialis:

A
96
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

The coracoid process of the scapula

97
Q

Where is the coracobrachialis located?

A

At the anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft

98
Q

What is the function of the coracobrachialis?

A

Addiction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint

99
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis?

A

The distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus

100
Q

Where is the brachialis located?
(2)

A

Coronoid process of the ulna

Tuberosity of the ulna

101
Q

What is the function of the brachialis?

A

Strong flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint

102
Q

Label the triceps brachii:

A
103
Q

Is the triceps brachii a big or small muscle?

A

Small muscle

104
Q

What does the triceps brachii help with?

A

The extension of the elbow

105
Q

Where is the triceps brachii located?

A

Next to the triceps on the posterior side

106
Q

How many heads does the triceps brachii have?

A

3 heads

107
Q

What are the 3 heads of the triceps brachii called?

A

Longe head

Lateral head

Medial head

108
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

109
Q

What is the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii?

A

Posterior surface of the humerus

110
Q

What is the origin of the lateral origin of the triceps brachii?

A

Posterior surface of the humerus

111
Q

Where is the triceps brachii located?
(2)

A

In the olecranon of the ulna

In the fascia of the forearm

112
Q

What is the function of the triceps brachii?
(2)

A

At the elbow joint, extension of the forearm

At the shoulder joint, extension and abduction of the arm

113
Q

Label the long, lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii:

A
114
Q

What does the deltoid muscle do?
(2)

A

It gives he shoulders rounded contours

It covers the gleno-humeral joint

115
Q

What does the deltoid muscle have proximal attachments to?
(2)

A

Clavicle

Scapula

116
Q

What does the deltoid muscle have distal attachments to?

A

The deltoid tubercle in the humerus

117
Q

What is the main action of the deltoid muscle?

A

Abduction of the arm

118
Q

What 3 parts form the deltoid muscle?

A

Anterior

Lateral

Posterior

119
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Deltoid muscle

120
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
How do we remember this?

A

Subscapularis

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Supraspinatus

SITS

121
Q

Out of the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff muscles, which one is more anterior?

A

Subscapularis

122
Q

Where is the supraspinatus found?

A

It runs on top of the spine of the scapula

123
Q

Where is the infraspinatus found?

A

It runs below the spine of the scapula

124
Q

Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?

A

Anterior view

125
Q

Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?

A

Posterior view

126
Q

Is this the anterior or posterior view of the rotator cuff muscle?

A

Posterior

127
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles do around the joint?

A

They form a type of ring around the joint

128
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles do?

A

They’re the main source of stability in the shoulder joint

129
Q

What are the main actions of the rotator cuff muscle?
(2)

A

Medial rotation of the shoulder

Lateral rotation of the shoulder

130
Q

Label the interior of the right shoulder joint:

A

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology (12 decks)

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