Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the upper respiratory system also known as?
The upper respiratory tract
What makes up the upper respiratory system?
(6)
Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth
Oral cavity
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
What is the lower respiratory system also known as?
Lower respiratory tract
What is the lower respiratory system made up of?
(3)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchial tree
Lungs
Where does the oxygen go to when you breathe through your nose?
(2)
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Where does the oxygen go to when you breathe through your mouth?
Pharynx
Label the upper and lower respiratory tract:
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
(3)
Gas exchange
Sound and vocalisation
Olfaction (the ability to smell)
What is olfaction?
The ability to smell
What is use to smell?
The nose
What is the external part of the nose made of?
Cartilage
What does the skin of the nose do?
It helps to shape the nose
What do the nostrils of the nose do?
The nostrils are the main route of air entry into the respiratory system
Label the nose:
What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?
(4)
Warming
Filtering and cleaning
Humidification
Sense of smell
Why is warming a function of the nose and nasal cavity?
The air is heated as it passes through the nasal cavity, thanks to the rich blood supply of the mucosa.
Why does the air get heated as it passes through the nasal cavity?
Because the cold air hurts our nose, so it needs to get warmer
Why is filtering and cleaning a function of the nose and nasal cavity?
The hairs trap larger particles, while the mucus captures smaller ones. The cilia move the mucus towards the throat, where it’s either swallowed or expectorated (coughed or spat out)
Why is humidification a function of the nose and nasal cavity?
As the air moves over the moist mucosa, it becomes fully saturated with water vapour
Why is the air made more humid as it enters the nose?
Because it hurts the throat if the air is too dry, so it’s made more humid
Why is sense of smell a function of the nose and nasal cavity?
Nerve endings and fibers located in the cribiform plate at the roof of the nasal cavity are stimulated by chemicals released by odorous substances. These nerve impulses are transmitted through the olfactory nerves to the brain, where the sensation of small is recognised. So when you lose your sense of smell, these nerves have been affected by
What are the features of the pharynx?
(4)
It connects the oral and nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus
It being at the base of the skull and ends at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
It can be divided into 3 sections- nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynopharynx
It’s important for speech because it acts as a resonating chamber for sound ascending from the larynx
In terms of the pharynx, where does the air go when you breathe through your nose?
(3)
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
In terms of the pharynx, where does the air go when you breathe through your mouth?
Straight to the laryngopharynx