Pelvis And Hip Flashcards
What structures do the pelvis and hip protect?
(3)
The lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract (large intestine)
The lower portion of the urinary system (bladder)
The reproductive organs (for females, it’s the uterus and ovaries)
What is the gastrointestinal tract also known as?
Large intestine
What is the function of the pelvis and hip?
(5)
To protect several structures (on another card)
To provide structure to the perineum
It suspends the pelvis floor muscles/diaphragm
It contains the external genitalia for people born male- testes
Locomotion (it allows us to move)
How does the pelvis and hip provide locomotion (allow us to move)?
Body weight is transmitted to the lower limbs through the pelvis
What are the right and left pelvic bones?
(3)
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
What is the combination of the Ilium, pubis and ischium called?
The anomonate bone
Label the pelvic bones:
What is the sacrum?
The lower portion of the spine
How many sacral vertebra is there in the pelvis?
5
What is the bottom end of the spine called?
The coccyx
What is the cup part of the pelvis called?
The acetabulum
Label the pelvic bones:
Label the pelvic bones:
What kind of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket joint
What is found inside the acetabulum?
Tri-radiat cartilage
What are the bones of the hip?
(5)
Proximal femur
Femoral head
Femoral neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
How can we locate the femoral head on the hip?
It’s the ball part of the ball and socket joint
What does the femoral neck do?
It joins to the body of the femur
How can we locate the greater trochanter?
It’s the nobbly bit of the hip
What does the greater trochanter do?
It allows the attachment of ligaments and muscles
Label the hip joint:
What are the joints of the pelvis?
(4)
Lumbosacral joint
Sacroiliac joint
Sacrococcygeal joint
Pubis symphysis
How many lumbar spines are in the pelvis?
5
Where is the lumbosacral joint?
Between the lumbar spine and sacrum
Where is the sacroiliac joint (SIJ)?
Between the sacrum and ilium
Where is the sacrococcygeal joint?
Between the sacrum and coccyx
Where is the pubic symphysis?
Between pubic bones
Label the joints of the pelvis:
What type of joint is the sacro iliac joint (SIJ)?
Diathroidal (moveable) synovial joints
Can the anomonate bones move?
Yes
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket
What type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint and the pubic symphysis?
Symphysis
How is the hip joint identifiable?
They have synovial fluid, which reduces friction
Label the joints of the hip:
Label the joints of the hip:
What is important about the acetabulum?
It’s where the 3 main bones of the pelvis meet (attached by the triradiate cartilage)
Label the false pelvis:
Label the false pelvis:
What’s an important feature of the false pelvis?
It contains abdominal features, not pelvic features
What’s the function of the false pelvis?
(4)
Carrying upper body weight
Transfer weight to lower limbs
Attachment of trunk muscles
Protection of organs
Label the true pelvis:
Label the true pelvis:
What’s the function of the true pelvis?
(2)
Protection of internal organs
Attachment of muscles, ligaments
What separated the greater and lesser pelvis?
The linea terminalis
Is the lesser pelvis the true or false pelvis?
True pelvis
Is the greater pelvis the true or false pelvis?
False pelvis
What are the differences between female and male pelvises?
(3)
Females have larger pelvic outlets and inlets
Females have a wider pubic arch
Female sacrum is less convex (less curvy)
Why is it important for females to have larger pelvic outlets pelvic outlets and inlets than males?
Because women have the potential to carry a baby and pass it through the birth canal
Why is it important for the female sacrum to be less convex (curvy)?
Because it allows the lesser pelvis to be wider so the baby can pass out
What is the labrum?
A soft tissue rim made of fibrous cartilage that surrounds the socket of the ball and socket joint
Why is the labrum important?
It allows for stability and cushioning
What are the muscles of the pelvis?
(4)
Obturator internus
Piriformis
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What does the obturator internus do?
(2)
Rotates extended thigh laterally (tilt to side)
Abducts flexed thigh at the hip (bent knee, lift up and to the side)
Where does the piriformis attach to?
The greater trochanter
What does the pisiformis do?
(3)
It stabilises the hip joint
It abducts flexed thigh
It rotates extended thigh laterally
What does the levator ani do?
(2)
It supports pelvis organs
It raises the pelvic floor
What does the coccygeus do?
(2)
It supports the pelvic viscera
It draws the coccyx forward
What muscles are found in the hip (coxal) (back of the hip)?
(5)
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fasciae latte
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
What does the gluteus maximus do?
(2)
It extends the flexed thigh at the hip and assists in its lateral rotation
It abducts and assists in raising trunk
What does the gluteus medius and minimus do?
(2)
It abducts and medically rotates the thigh at the hip
It steadies the pelvis on limb when the opposite limb is raised
What does the tensor fasciae latae do?
(2)
It abducts, medically rotates and flexes the thigh at the hip
It helps to keep the knee extended
What does the piriformis do?
(3)
It laterally rotates the extended thigh at the hip
It abducts the flexed thigh at the hip
It steadies the femoral head in acetabulum
What does the quadratus femoris do?
(2)
It laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
It’s part of the hamstring at the back
What blood vessels provide blood supply to the pelvis?
(4)
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac
External iliac
Common femoral
Which blood vessels provide blood supply to the hip?
(3)
Femoral artery
Deep femoral artery
Lateral circumflex artery
What is the movement of the pelvis?
Intrapelvic motion
What is the movement of the sacrum in the pelvis?
Nutation of the sacrum
What is the movement of the ilium bones in the pelvis?
Rotation of the ilium bones
Why does the ilium articulate with the sacrum?
To allow the rotation of the ilium bones
What’s important about the movement of the ilium bones in the pelvis?
When walking/running, the ilium bones work in opposition
What’s important about the movement of the ilium bones in the pelvis?
When walking/running, the ilium bones working opposition
What are all the movements of the hip?
(6)
Abduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Internal rotation
External rotation
Which pelvic structure sits in line with the pubic symphysis?
The greater trochanter
What are the anatomical landmarks for the pelvis and hip?
(6)
Umbilicus (naval/bellybutton)
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Symphysis pubis
Greater trochanter
What is the vertebral level for the umbilicus (naval/bellybutton)?
L3/4
What is the vertebral level for the iliac crest?
(2)
L4 and bifurcation of aorta (where the aorta splits off)
What is the vertebral level for the ASIS?
2nd sacral segment
What is the vertebral level for the PSIS?
(2)
L5/S1
SIJs
What is the vertebral level for the symphysis pubis?
(2)
Coccyx
Greater trochanter
What is the vertebral level for the greater trochanter?
Symphysis pubis
