Hand And Wrist Structures Flashcards
How many carpals does the hand have?
8
What do he bones of the upper limb include?
(7)
Scapula (shoulder blades)
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
How many metacarpals does the hand have?
5
How many phalanges does the hand have?
14
How many phalanges does the thumb have?
2
What does the deltoid do?
It makes the shoulder round
What is the olecranon?
It’s the bottom of the elbow
Which bone does the thumb connect to?
The ulna
In what position is the thumb to the ulna?
(The thumb is … to the ulna)
It’s lateral to the ulna
Label these regions of the hand and arm:
Label the back part of the arm and hand:
Label the different parts of the arm:
What are the 3 types of phalanges?
Distal phalanges
Middle phalanges
Proximal phalanges
What are the 3 parts of every phalanx?
Head
Body
Base
What is a phalanx?
The singular word for phalange
Label this hand:
What are the types of bones found in the hand and wrist?
(3)
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
How many rows of carpal bones is there in a hand?
2 rows
What do the proximal carpal bones include?
(4)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Where do the proximal carpal bones connect to?
(2)
The ulna
And the radius
What do the distal carpal bones include?
(4)
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Label this image of the carpal bones:
What is the mnemonic to remember the carpal bones?
So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
Which carpal bone is more likely to be fractured?
Scaphoid
Which distal carpal bone does the 1st metacarpal bone articulate with?
Trapezium
Which distal carpal bone does the 2nd metacarpal bone articulate with?
Trapezoid
Which distal carpal bone does the 3rd metacarpal articulate with?
Capitate
Which distal carpal bone does the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones articulate with?
Hamate
Which distal carpal bone does the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones articulate with?
Hamate
Why is the hamate such a big bone?
Because it articulates with both the 4th and 5th metacarpals
Which 3 parts does each phalanx consist of?
The base
The body/shaft
The head
How many phalanges does each finger have?
3
How many phalanges does the thumb have?
2
Which types of phalanges does each finger have?
(3)
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Which types of phalanges does the thumb have?
(2)
Distal
Proximal
What is the body of the bone?
It’s the middle of the bone
Is the head of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?
Distal
Is the body/shaft of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?
Middle
Is the base of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?
Proximal
Where are the sesamoid bones found?
(2)
In the hand
In the feet
What do the sesamoid bones do?
Nothing- they’re just extra bones. Soon, evolution will get rid of them from the human body
Label the numbers of the metacarpal bones:
(E.g. 1st metacarpal, 2nd metacarpal, etc)
What are joints?
They’re the connection between bones
What do the distal interphalangeal joints do?
They connect the distal and medial phalanges
Interphalangeal joints are … …
Synovial hinge
What are the metacarpophalangeal joints also known as?
The knuckles
The knuckles are … …
Synovial candiloid
What is the radiocarpal joint also known as?
The wrist
What does the radiocarpal joint do?
It connects the radius and carpal (scaphoid) bones
The base of the thumb joint is a … joint and a … joint
Synovial joint and saddle joint
Why is the base of the thumb joint a synovial and saddle joint?
Because it’s very mobile
Label the joints in the hand:
What are the 3 zones of hand muscles?
Palmar muscles
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
What do the palmar muscles do?
They make everything else move
What are the 3 types of palmar muscles?
Lumbricales
Interossei palmares
Interossei dorsales
What do the lumbricales (palmar muscles) do?
(2)
They help to flex metacarpal phalangal joints
They help to extend phalangal joints
What do the Interossei palmares (palmar muscles) do?
They adduct the fingers (close them)
Where are the Interossei palmares found?
In between the bones
What does the Interossei dorsales (palmar muscles) do?
They abduct the fingers (open them)
Which type of palmar muscle is this?
Lumbricales
Which type of palmar muscle is this?
Interossei palmares
Which type of palmar muscle is this?
Interossei dorsales
What do the thenar muscles do?
They’re the muscles of the thumb, so they make the thumb move
What does pollicis mean?
Thumb
What are the 3 types of thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Which thenar muscle is this?
Flexor pollicis brevis
Which thenar muscle is this?
Opponens pollicis
Which thenar muscle is this?
Adductor pollicis
What are the hypothenar muscles?
The muscles of the 5th finger (the pinky)
What do the hypothenar muscles do?
They make the pinky move
What are the 3 types of hypothenar muscles?
Palmaris brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
What does digiti minimi mean?
Small finger
What does the abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles) do?
It moves the 5th finger (pinky) away from the 4th finger
What does the Opponens digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles) do?
It allows the 5th finger to flex
What does the palmaris brevis (hypothenar muscles) do?
It helps with grip and allows us to grab/hold something
Label this hand:
Label this hand:
Label this hand:
What 4 groups can the tendons in the hand and wrist be divided into?
Finger flexors
Finger extensors
Thumb tendons
Wrist tendons
What do finger flexors do?
They help the fingers to flex
What do finger extensors do?
They help the fingers to extend
What are pulleys?
Connective tissues that keep the tendons close to the bones
What is palmar fascia also known as?
Aponeurosis
What is the palmar fascia’s job?
(3)
To give stability to the overlying skin
To protect the underlying tendons
It also improves grip
What is the palmar fascia made of?
Mostly collagen
Where is fascia found?
(2)
Hands
Feet
Label this hand (palmar fascia):
Label this hand (palmar fascia):
What makes up the carpal tunnel?
(2)
Carpal bones
The flexor retinaculum
What does the carpal tunnel include lots of?
Nerves
What happens if we squish the median nerve?
It causes pain
Label this muscle:
Why are wrist joints so close together?
To provide stability
What do wrist joint ligaments do?
They provide stability
What are the 2 types of wrist joint ligaments?
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments
Label the ligaments on this hand:
What is ossification?
The process of bone formation
When do all the bones get properly formed (ossification has finished)?
At 18 years old
What event can trigger ossification?
Pregnancy, e.g. when pregnant women increase shoe size
What’s an example of ossification?
We won’t see a scaphoid in a 2 year old
Label the time that the ossification of certain bones happens:
Label the bones on this hand:
