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Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology > Hand And Wrist Structures > Flashcards

Hand And Wrist Structures Flashcards

1
Q

How many carpals does the hand have?

A

8

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2
Q

What do he bones of the upper limb include?
(7)

A

Scapula (shoulder blades)

Clavicle

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

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3
Q

How many metacarpals does the hand have?

A

5

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4
Q

How many phalanges does the hand have?

A

14

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5
Q

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

A

2

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6
Q

What does the deltoid do?

A

It makes the shoulder round

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7
Q

What is the olecranon?

A

It’s the bottom of the elbow

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8
Q

Which bone does the thumb connect to?

A

The ulna

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9
Q

In what position is the thumb to the ulna?
(The thumb is … to the ulna)

A

It’s lateral to the ulna

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10
Q

Label these regions of the hand and arm:

A
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11
Q

Label the back part of the arm and hand:

A
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12
Q

Label the different parts of the arm:

A
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13
Q

What are the 3 types of phalanges?

A

Distal phalanges

Middle phalanges

Proximal phalanges

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14
Q

What are the 3 parts of every phalanx?

A

Head

Body

Base

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15
Q

What is a phalanx?

A

The singular word for phalange

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16
Q

Label this hand:

A
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17
Q

What are the types of bones found in the hand and wrist?
(3)

A

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

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18
Q

How many rows of carpal bones is there in a hand?

A

2 rows

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19
Q

What do the proximal carpal bones include?
(4)

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

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20
Q

Where do the proximal carpal bones connect to?
(2)

A

The ulna
And the radius

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21
Q

What do the distal carpal bones include?
(4)

A

Hamate

Capitate

Trapezoid

Trapezium

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22
Q

Label this image of the carpal bones:

A
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23
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the carpal bones?

A

So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

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24
Q

Which carpal bone is more likely to be fractured?

A

Scaphoid

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25
Q

Which distal carpal bone does the 1st metacarpal bone articulate with?

A

Trapezium

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26
Q

Which distal carpal bone does the 2nd metacarpal bone articulate with?

A

Trapezoid

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27
Q

Which distal carpal bone does the 3rd metacarpal articulate with?

A

Capitate

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28
Q

Which distal carpal bone does the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones articulate with?

A

Hamate

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29
Q

Which distal carpal bone does the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones articulate with?

A

Hamate

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30
Q

Why is the hamate such a big bone?

A

Because it articulates with both the 4th and 5th metacarpals

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31
Q

Which 3 parts does each phalanx consist of?

A

The base

The body/shaft

The head

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32
Q

How many phalanges does each finger have?

A

3

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33
Q

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

A

2

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34
Q

Which types of phalanges does each finger have?
(3)

A

Distal

Middle

Proximal

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35
Q

Which types of phalanges does the thumb have?
(2)

A

Distal

Proximal

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36
Q

What is the body of the bone?

A

It’s the middle of the bone

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37
Q

Is the head of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?

A

Distal

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38
Q

Is the body/shaft of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?

A

Middle

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39
Q

Is the base of the phalanx distal, middle or proximal?

A

Proximal

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40
Q

Where are the sesamoid bones found?
(2)

A

In the hand

In the feet

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41
Q

What do the sesamoid bones do?

A

Nothing- they’re just extra bones. Soon, evolution will get rid of them from the human body

42
Q

Label the numbers of the metacarpal bones:
(E.g. 1st metacarpal, 2nd metacarpal, etc)

A
43
Q

What are joints?

A

They’re the connection between bones

44
Q

What do the distal interphalangeal joints do?

A

They connect the distal and medial phalanges

45
Q

Interphalangeal joints are … …

A

Synovial hinge

46
Q

What are the metacarpophalangeal joints also known as?

A

The knuckles

47
Q

The knuckles are … …

A

Synovial candiloid

48
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint also known as?

A

The wrist

49
Q

What does the radiocarpal joint do?

A

It connects the radius and carpal (scaphoid) bones

50
Q

The base of the thumb joint is a … joint and a … joint

A

Synovial joint and saddle joint

51
Q

Why is the base of the thumb joint a synovial and saddle joint?

A

Because it’s very mobile

52
Q

Label the joints in the hand:

A
53
Q

What are the 3 zones of hand muscles?

A

Palmar muscles

Thenar muscles

Hypothenar muscles

54
Q

What do the palmar muscles do?

A

They make everything else move

55
Q

What are the 3 types of palmar muscles?

A

Lumbricales

Interossei palmares

Interossei dorsales

56
Q

What do the lumbricales (palmar muscles) do?
(2)

A

They help to flex metacarpal phalangal joints

They help to extend phalangal joints

57
Q

What do the Interossei palmares (palmar muscles) do?

A

They adduct the fingers (close them)

58
Q

Where are the Interossei palmares found?

A

In between the bones

59
Q

What does the Interossei dorsales (palmar muscles) do?

A

They abduct the fingers (open them)

60
Q

Which type of palmar muscle is this?

A

Lumbricales

61
Q

Which type of palmar muscle is this?

A

Interossei palmares

62
Q

Which type of palmar muscle is this?

A

Interossei dorsales

63
Q

What do the thenar muscles do?

A

They’re the muscles of the thumb, so they make the thumb move

64
Q

What does pollicis mean?

A

Thumb

65
Q

What are the 3 types of thenar muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

66
Q

Which thenar muscle is this?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

67
Q

Which thenar muscle is this?

A

Opponens pollicis

68
Q

Which thenar muscle is this?

A

Adductor pollicis

69
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

The muscles of the 5th finger (the pinky)

70
Q

What do the hypothenar muscles do?

A

They make the pinky move

71
Q

What are the 3 types of hypothenar muscles?

A

Palmaris brevis

Abductor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

72
Q

What does digiti minimi mean?

A

Small finger

73
Q

What does the abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles) do?

A

It moves the 5th finger (pinky) away from the 4th finger

74
Q

What does the Opponens digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles) do?

A

It allows the 5th finger to flex

75
Q

What does the palmaris brevis (hypothenar muscles) do?

A

It helps with grip and allows us to grab/hold something

76
Q

Label this hand:

A
77
Q

Label this hand:

A
78
Q

Label this hand:

A
79
Q

What 4 groups can the tendons in the hand and wrist be divided into?

A

Finger flexors

Finger extensors

Thumb tendons

Wrist tendons

80
Q

What do finger flexors do?

A

They help the fingers to flex

81
Q

What do finger extensors do?

A

They help the fingers to extend

82
Q

What are pulleys?

A

Connective tissues that keep the tendons close to the bones

83
Q

What is palmar fascia also known as?

A

Aponeurosis

84
Q

What is the palmar fascia’s job?
(3)

A

To give stability to the overlying skin

To protect the underlying tendons

It also improves grip

85
Q

What is the palmar fascia made of?

A

Mostly collagen

86
Q

Where is fascia found?
(2)

A

Hands

Feet

87
Q

Label this hand (palmar fascia):

A
88
Q

Label this hand (palmar fascia):

A
89
Q

What makes up the carpal tunnel?
(2)

A

Carpal bones

The flexor retinaculum

90
Q

What does the carpal tunnel include lots of?

A

Nerves

91
Q

What happens if we squish the median nerve?

A

It causes pain

92
Q

Label this muscle:

A
93
Q

Why are wrist joints so close together?

A

To provide stability

94
Q

What do wrist joint ligaments do?

A

They provide stability

95
Q

What are the 2 types of wrist joint ligaments?

A

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

96
Q

Label the ligaments on this hand:

A
97
Q

What is ossification?

A

The process of bone formation

98
Q

When do all the bones get properly formed (ossification has finished)?

A

At 18 years old

99
Q

What event can trigger ossification?

A

Pregnancy, e.g. when pregnant women increase shoe size

100
Q

What’s an example of ossification?

A

We won’t see a scaphoid in a 2 year old

101
Q

Label the time that the ossification of certain bones happens:

A
102
Q

Label the bones on this hand:

A

Radiographic anatomy, physiology and pathology (12 decks)

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