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The rest of Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Who leads Sweeden in 1700

A

Charles XII

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2
Q

What conflict did sweeden get into in 1700

A

Charles XII leads sweeden in great northern war in 1700-1721

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3
Q

what is the great northern war

A

sweeden tries to invade russia but it drains them

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4
Q

where does russia defeat the sweeds

A

poltava in 1709, 20k sweeds vs 60k with peter the great leads to 1500 sweeds surviving

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5
Q

Why did peter the great get his nickname

A

the great westinizer because he tries to turn russia into european because they are so behind

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6
Q

what actions does peter the great do to make russia european

A

shaves beard, less sleeves

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7
Q

Where does peter the great want to connect to Europe, and who stops the progress

A

ports to europe at baltic and black sea but poles sweeds and turks are there

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8
Q

what is the capital of russia after the great northern war

A

st petersburg

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9
Q

what is boyars

A

state service rank of merit for nobles in russia, and nobles got autonomy at local level

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10
Q

what does peter need after the great northen war

A

a russian navy

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11
Q

what happens to peter when he dies

A

peter killed his son so there is no heir

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12
Q

what creates problems in ottoman empire due to populations

A

the large number of ethnic groups and states

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13
Q

what was the views of other religions in the ottoman empire

A

did not persecute others, looked at them as if they were seconf class citizens

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14
Q

what does sultan do to other religions

A

segregation, places into millits(religious communities) and usues slave tax to recruit millitary units from chrisitan family 6 year olds to protect the sultan , puts phanariot greek administrators for communicaiton between religions

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15
Q

what is the sultan in the islamic law

A

protector of mecca, works with islamic scholars to make sure policy was Quaran named circle of equity

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16
Q

what defeat halted the proggress of ottoman empire

A

lepanto defeat ruined the chances to take west medditeranian

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17
Q

What was the ottomans last advance into europe

A

Vienna was the last advance

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18
Q

Why was it difficult to invade Vienna and who protected it

A

Mixed christians under King John Sobieski protected it and it was easy to protect because of the Danu river making a natural moat

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19
Q

what caused the falling of the ottoman empire in the government

A

Grand Vizers, the chief ministers took all the power

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20
Q

what were the direct effects of the lessining of the cernteal government in ottoman empire

A

losing control over romania and egypt, mamelukes sieded power in egypt

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21
Q

What advances led to the lessining of the ottaman empire as a power

A

Naval advances led european countries to not go through ottaman empire dessert to trade with asia

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22
Q

How do the dutch handle jews

A

tolerant, safe haven

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23
Q

What is the main economy of dutch

A

merchant international trade

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24
Q

Where did the dutch dominate as a marintime power

A

balltics, north seas, portugeese spice islands with the dutch indies companies

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25
What helps the economy in dutch grow
the bank of amsterdam creates the dutch as the most rich country in europe
26
Dutch majors
REmbrandt and Vermeer
27
What drains the economy within dutch
the 3 naval wars with england and the french land war; British won the naval race and is the new middle man
28
what is the dutch monarch called and what is he/why was it a fault
Stadholder was the king only during wars and this led to a non unified governement that hurt economy
29
Who rules when Louis XV is a baby
Uncle duke of orleans
30
What does Orelans do in power to hurt government
John Law scammed him, gave power back to the parlamants
31
how did john law scam him
Ponzai scheme with Misssissippi trading company stocks
32
who took over chief minister after orelans in france
Cardinal Fleury
33
What was Cardinal Fleurys main goal
Too keep France out of war in order to save money
34
Who runs the government after cardinal Fleury
Mistress Madame de pompadour
35
How is polands governemnt arranged
Nobles ran everything, used Liberum veto against proposed laws from the king or parliament named (diet)
36
Who and why is the king appointed in poland
the nobles appoint a forigener because they dont want to fight over it between families
37
what is polands weakness
their not very unified
38
What happens to the HRE post 1648
turns into hapsburg empire and lost all land except family holdings
39
What was the hapsburgs empire expansion too
expanded South East into hungarians took control of magya area over turks
40
What happens with Charles VI before he dies
He has no male heirs, therefore he gets parliament to sign Pragmatc Sanction to call for a single line of inhertiance with the hapsburg family
41
Who benifits from the Pragmatic Sanction
Maria - Theresa becomes queen of Austria in 1740
42
What colors were prussia
Dark Blue uniforms
43
Where is the homeland for Prussia
Brandenburg - berlin
44
How does Brandenburg inherit prussia
through a complicated marriage
45
Who is Hohenzollars and what is their goal
the family of the german states, to unify the three states
46
Who is the Fredrick-William
Great elector of prussia Brandenburg 1640-1688
47
How does the Hohenzollars get Pomorania
took from sweeden in 1648
48
How large and why did Prussia have such a large army
They spent 90 percent of budget into army, 80k people, because there was no natural defense for them to use to protect themeselves
49
How is prussias government organized
highly centeralized in order to make revenue for army
50
Who comes after Frederick- William the great elector
Fredrick I king of Prussia in 1701
51
How does Fredrick I become king of Prussia in 1701
Brandenburg gave alot of help to HRE in spanish war of succession and in return gets Prussia
52
How are prussian nobles ranked and what are they names
Junkers are determined by army rank
53
who comes after Fredrick I
Frederick Williams 1 1713-1740 (The Cheap)
54
Why was Fred - Will 1 nicknamed the cheap
he put all the money he could into the army
55
What was fred will 1 fav army division
Potsdammer elite giant regiement
56
Who comes after Fred - Will 1
Fredrick II the Great 1740-1786
57
What does Fred II do when he gets to be king
uses the army to take sieslia, from maria theras and begoms war of austrian succession
58
What was Georges I challenge with ruling England
He did not speak english and lived in hanover
59
Who was the first prime minister and under whom
Walpole under George I basically ran the show
60
Who invaded England in 1715
James Stuart because he claims to be the rightful monarch
61
Who invaded England in 1745
Bonnie PRince Charlie who is son of warming pan baby
62
What battle ended the invations of the jacobittes
Battle of Culloden
63
Who does George I politically favor and why
He favors the Whigs because they are harsher on French which invaded Hanover when he lived there
64
What was the South Sea company
a joint stock company that promised the government of britan to back the debt of bonds to bring more prosperity
65
What did Walpole say about the economy
" Let the Sleeping dog lie"
66
Who lays the foundation of the Scientific Revolution
Copurnicus with his " Onj the Revolutions of Heavanly Sphere" which replaces Geocentric view with a Heliocentric view of the world
67
Who tries to disprove copurnicus
Tycho Brahe who was a danish astronomer and proves copurnicuses hypothesis
68
Who discovers the correct path of the planets
brahe assistat, Kepler, wrote " The New Astronomy" in 1609 that proves the elliptical path of planets
69
Who was the first to use telescopes to observe planets
Galeilio, an italian man
70
Issac Newton
Prinicpia Mathamatica, theory of gravity
71
Francis Bacon
Empirical Method, Scientific method to improve human existence
72
Descartes
" The Discourse on Method" Deduction rather than induction
73
Thomas Hobbs
Leviathan 1651, humans need strong central government, tryanny over anarchy
74
John Locke
foundation of Liberal political philosphy against absolutism
75
What was Locke first work
1st treaty of Gov rejected hobbs comparisons
76
what was Lockes second work
gov must be responisble for subjects; Life liberty and property
77
What was Lockes views on toleration
he was religiously tolerant to all except catholics and atheist
78
how did locke improve physcology
concering of human understanding 1690
79
How do scientist not be burned at the stake
scientist are just deeping there understanding of gods creation
80
Who are whiches
old single women midwives, 150000 of them died
81
where do whiches gather
sabbats

AP EURO (20 decks)

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