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AP EURO > The rest of Europe > Flashcards

The rest of Europe Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Who leads Sweeden in 1700

A

Charles XII

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2
Q

What conflict did sweeden get into in 1700

A

Charles XII leads sweeden in great northern war in 1700-1721

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3
Q

what is the great northern war

A

sweeden tries to invade russia but it drains them

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4
Q

where does russia defeat the sweeds

A

poltava in 1709, 20k sweeds vs 60k with peter the great leads to 1500 sweeds surviving

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5
Q

Why did peter the great get his nickname

A

the great westinizer because he tries to turn russia into european because they are so behind

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6
Q

what actions does peter the great do to make russia european

A

shaves beard, less sleeves

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7
Q

Where does peter the great want to connect to Europe, and who stops the progress

A

ports to europe at baltic and black sea but poles sweeds and turks are there

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8
Q

what is the capital of russia after the great northern war

A

st petersburg

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9
Q

what is boyars

A

state service rank of merit for nobles in russia, and nobles got autonomy at local level

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10
Q

what does peter need after the great northen war

A

a russian navy

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11
Q

what happens to peter when he dies

A

peter killed his son so there is no heir

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12
Q

what creates problems in ottoman empire due to populations

A

the large number of ethnic groups and states

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13
Q

what was the views of other religions in the ottoman empire

A

did not persecute others, looked at them as if they were seconf class citizens

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14
Q

what does sultan do to other religions

A

segregation, places into millits(religious communities) and usues slave tax to recruit millitary units from chrisitan family 6 year olds to protect the sultan , puts phanariot greek administrators for communicaiton between religions

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15
Q

what is the sultan in the islamic law

A

protector of mecca, works with islamic scholars to make sure policy was Quaran named circle of equity

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16
Q

what defeat halted the proggress of ottoman empire

A

lepanto defeat ruined the chances to take west medditeranian

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17
Q

What was the ottomans last advance into europe

A

Vienna was the last advance

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18
Q

Why was it difficult to invade Vienna and who protected it

A

Mixed christians under King John Sobieski protected it and it was easy to protect because of the Danu river making a natural moat

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19
Q

what caused the falling of the ottoman empire in the government

A

Grand Vizers, the chief ministers took all the power

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20
Q

what were the direct effects of the lessining of the cernteal government in ottoman empire

A

losing control over romania and egypt, mamelukes sieded power in egypt

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21
Q

What advances led to the lessining of the ottaman empire as a power

A

Naval advances led european countries to not go through ottaman empire dessert to trade with asia

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22
Q

How do the dutch handle jews

A

tolerant, safe haven

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23
Q

What is the main economy of dutch

A

merchant international trade

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24
Q

Where did the dutch dominate as a marintime power

A

balltics, north seas, portugeese spice islands with the dutch indies companies

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25
Q

What helps the economy in dutch grow

A

the bank of amsterdam creates the dutch as the most rich country in europe

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26
Q

Dutch majors

A

REmbrandt and Vermeer

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27
Q

What drains the economy within dutch

A

the 3 naval wars with england and the french land war; British won the naval race and is the new middle man

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28
Q

what is the dutch monarch called and what is he/why was it a fault

A

Stadholder was the king only during wars and this led to a non unified governement that hurt economy

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29
Q

Who rules when Louis XV is a baby

A

Uncle duke of orleans

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30
Q

What does Orelans do in power to hurt government

A

John Law scammed him, gave power back to the parlamants

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31
Q

how did john law scam him

A

Ponzai scheme with Misssissippi trading company stocks

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32
Q

who took over chief minister after orelans in france

A

Cardinal Fleury

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33
Q

What was Cardinal Fleurys main goal

A

Too keep France out of war in order to save money

34
Q

Who runs the government after cardinal Fleury

A

Mistress Madame de pompadour

35
Q

How is polands governemnt arranged

A

Nobles ran everything, used Liberum veto against proposed laws from the king or parliament named (diet)

36
Q

Who and why is the king appointed in poland

A

the nobles appoint a forigener because they dont want to fight over it between families

37
Q

what is polands weakness

A

their not very unified

38
Q

What happens to the HRE post 1648

A

turns into hapsburg empire and lost all land except family holdings

39
Q

What was the hapsburgs empire expansion too

A

expanded South East into hungarians took control of magya area over turks

40
Q

What happens with Charles VI before he dies

A

He has no male heirs, therefore he gets parliament to sign Pragmatc Sanction to call for a single line of inhertiance with the hapsburg family

41
Q

Who benifits from the Pragmatic Sanction

A

Maria - Theresa becomes queen of Austria in 1740

42
Q

What colors were prussia

A

Dark Blue uniforms

43
Q

Where is the homeland for Prussia

A

Brandenburg - berlin

44
Q

How does Brandenburg inherit prussia

A

through a complicated marriage

45
Q

Who is Hohenzollars and what is their goal

A

the family of the german states, to unify the three states

46
Q

Who is the Fredrick-William

A

Great elector of prussia Brandenburg 1640-1688

47
Q

How does the Hohenzollars get Pomorania

A

took from sweeden in 1648

48
Q

How large and why did Prussia have such a large army

A

They spent 90 percent of budget into army, 80k people, because there was no natural defense for them to use to protect themeselves

49
Q

How is prussias government organized

A

highly centeralized in order to make revenue for army

50
Q

Who comes after Frederick- William the great elector

A

Fredrick I king of Prussia in 1701

51
Q

How does Fredrick I become king of Prussia in 1701

A

Brandenburg gave alot of help to HRE in spanish war of succession and in return gets Prussia

52
Q

How are prussian nobles ranked and what are they names

A

Junkers are determined by army rank

53
Q

who comes after Fredrick I

A

Frederick Williams 1 1713-1740 (The Cheap)

54
Q

Why was Fred - Will 1 nicknamed the cheap

A

he put all the money he could into the army

55
Q

What was fred will 1 fav army division

A

Potsdammer elite giant regiement

56
Q

Who comes after Fred - Will 1

A

Fredrick II the Great 1740-1786

57
Q

What does Fred II do when he gets to be king

A

uses the army to take sieslia, from maria theras and begoms war of austrian succession

58
Q

What was Georges I challenge with ruling England

A

He did not speak english and lived in hanover

59
Q

Who was the first prime minister and under whom

A

Walpole under George I basically ran the show

60
Q

Who invaded England in 1715

A

James Stuart because he claims to be the rightful monarch

61
Q

Who invaded England in 1745

A

Bonnie PRince Charlie who is son of warming pan baby

62
Q

What battle ended the invations of the jacobittes

A

Battle of Culloden

63
Q

Who does George I politically favor and why

A

He favors the Whigs because they are harsher on French which invaded Hanover when he lived there

64
Q

What was the South Sea company

A

a joint stock company that promised the government of britan to back the debt of bonds to bring more prosperity

65
Q

What did Walpole say about the economy

A

” Let the Sleeping dog lie”

66
Q

Who lays the foundation of the Scientific Revolution

A

Copurnicus with his “ Onj the Revolutions of Heavanly Sphere” which replaces Geocentric view with a Heliocentric view of the world

67
Q

Who tries to disprove copurnicus

A

Tycho Brahe who was a danish astronomer and proves copurnicuses hypothesis

68
Q

Who discovers the correct path of the planets

A

brahe assistat, Kepler, wrote “ The New Astronomy” in 1609 that proves the elliptical path of planets

69
Q

Who was the first to use telescopes to observe planets

A

Galeilio, an italian man

70
Q

Issac Newton

A

Prinicpia Mathamatica, theory of gravity

71
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Empirical Method, Scientific method to improve human existence

72
Q

Descartes

A

” The Discourse on Method” Deduction rather than induction

73
Q

Thomas Hobbs

A

Leviathan 1651, humans need strong central government, tryanny over anarchy

74
Q

John Locke

A

foundation of Liberal political philosphy against absolutism

75
Q

What was Locke first work

A

1st treaty of Gov rejected hobbs comparisons

76
Q

what was Lockes second work

A

gov must be responisble for subjects; Life liberty and property

77
Q

What was Lockes views on toleration

A

he was religiously tolerant to all except catholics and atheist

78
Q

how did locke improve physcology

A

concering of human understanding 1690

79
Q

How do scientist not be burned at the stake

A

scientist are just deeping there understanding of gods creation

80
Q

Who are whiches

A

old single women midwives, 150000 of them died

81
Q

where do whiches gather

A

sabbats

AP EURO (20 decks)

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