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AP EURO > Age of Religious Wars > Flashcards

Age of Religious Wars Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it named Hugenots

A
  • Bescancon Hugues
    • political leader in geneva
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2
Q

Population of people that are hugenots at this time

A

1/15 of pop goes hug

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3
Q

population of nobles that are hugenots

A

2/5 of nobles goes hug

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4
Q

What wars distracted Charles

A

Hapsburgs vs Valois Wars

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5
Q

What ended Hapsburgs vs Valois Wars

A

Ended in 1559 with Treaty of Cateau Cambresis in 1559

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6
Q

What was the Hapsburgs vs Valois Wars reason

A

Northern Italy control

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7
Q

How was Henry II wounded

A

Henry II mortally wounded in jousting accident

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8
Q

Where did the throne go post Henry II

A
  • Throne went to unprepared son
    • 15 year old Francis II
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9
Q

Who ruled when Francis II was in the king

A

Catherine de Medicis took over

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10
Q

What did Catherine de Medicis try to do with religon

A

Tries to reconcile Catholic and Hug

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11
Q

who comes after Catherine de Medicis

A

second son Charles XI who is only 10

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12
Q

Who are the three powerful families that try against the throne

A

Bourbouns
Montmorency
Guise

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13
Q

Who leads Bourbons

A

Prince De conde

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14
Q

Who leads Montmorency

A

Admiral de coligny

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15
Q

Who is a Guise

A
  • Duke
  • General
  • 2 cardinals
  • Queen of scotts
  • Catholic champions
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16
Q

Which of three families turn Hugenots

A

Bourbons and Montmorency

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17
Q

Why does Catherine side with Protestants

A

Less of a threat

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18
Q

What allowed hug to worship publicly in outside towns

A

1562 January Edict

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19
Q

What led to the massacre at vassy

A

Duke of Guise came across Hugs worshiping in vassy and led to the start of the wars of religion

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20
Q

when did the duke of guise get assassinated

A

a year after massacre at vassy in 1563

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21
Q

When was Prince de conde assassinated

A

1569

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22
Q

What settled some of the Religious warfront in France in 1570

A

Peace of St Germaine en Laye in 1570

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23
Q

What did Peace of St Germaine en Laye in 1570 do

A

Hugs get religious freedom in certain towns in western France

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24
Q

What led to the St. Bartholomews day massacre

A

Fearing an all out protestant victory the queen turned to the Guises and planned to end the war once and for all - Sends word to Burbound to end war
- invites them to marry daughter
- killed them all except bourbond

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25
Q

Who are the three henrys

A
  • Henry III
    • third son of Catherine
  • Henry Duke of Guise
    • son of one assasinated
  • Henry of Navarre
    • Bourbon
    • married to Catherines daughter
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26
Q

What is the Day of Barricades

A

outwardly spontaneous public uprising in staunchly Catholic Paris against the moderate, hesitant, temporizing policies of Henry III.

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27
Q

What was the result of the Day of Barricades

A
  • the holy league forced Henry III to flee Paris
  • Henry III allies with Bourbon and has guise assassinated
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28
Q

How does Henry III die

A
  • Dominican Friar stabbed Heny III stabbed to death 1589
    • Henry was now a hug at that point
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29
Q

Why did Bourbon win nobility

A

everyone else died/assassinated

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30
Q

When did Henry of Navarre rule from

A

1589-1610

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31
Q

What did Henry of Navarre due when he ruled france

A

converted to catholic because his subjects were catholic

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32
Q

What created controversy under the rule of Henry of Navarre

A

He signed Edict of Nantes granting people equality and was assassinated by a catholic fanatic because of it

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33
Q

Who were the main English pirates

A

John Hawkins and Francis Drake

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34
Q

Why did Elizabeth send troops to netherlands

A

to aid with the rebellion against spain

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35
Q

what treaty allowed Elizabeht to make an alliance with dutch

A

Treaty of Nonsuch 1585

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36
Q

Who was the father and mother of Mary stuart

A

king james of scotland and mary guise

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37
Q

Why did mary come to Elizabeth

A

she forced everyone to be catholic in scotland and fleed and left son King James VI as king

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38
Q

Why does Elizabeth not want mary to become queen

A

she is catholic

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39
Q

Why did Elizabeth execute mary

A

she threatened to kill her

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40
Q

Who uncovered marys plan to kill the queen

A

Francis Walsingham

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41
Q

Difference of ships between english and spanish

A

English had cannons and were slower than the fast and moving spainish ships

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42
Q

Who was ruling spain during the England vs spain times

A

Phillip II of spain

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43
Q

why was Phillip II running spain

A

Hapsburg Son of Charles V, Charles split HRE in half and gave half to Phillip and other half to brother

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44
Q

Where was Phillips palace

A

named Escorial and was outside of Madrid near monastery

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45
Q

Why was Armada launched

A

to remove Elizabeth by force

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46
Q

What made spanish look good in 1580

A

annexing portugal

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47
Q

Why couldnt spain get to Elizabeth

A

protestant winds - massive storm wrecks armada

48
Q

When was the 30 year war

A

1618-1648

49
Q

Was the 30 years was a religious war

A

yea and nah

50
Q

What kicked off the inital phase of religous 30 year wars

A

Frederick becomes elector of the Palatnate and makes it a calvanist state

51
Q

Who decided to rebel against Fredrick of Palatnate

A

Maximilian of Bavaria

52
Q

What did Maximillian do against fredrick

A

organized catholic leauge with jesuits

53
Q

what led to the Bohemian phase of 30 year war

A

Ferdinand inherits Bohemia in 1618 and revokes rights of all protestant subjects

54
Q

What resulted from Ferdinand inheriting Bohemia

A
  • Protestants revolt
    • throw two ministers out a 5th story window
    • The Defenestration of Prague
55
Q

Who was chosen as the king after Ferdinand

A

Frederick of Palatinate

56
Q

What did Ferdinand do after being kicked out

A

Ferdinand was elected in the HRE and returns with a vengance

57
Q

Who attacks Palatiate

A

Spain Bavaria and the elector of saxony

58
Q

What ended the Boehim phase

A

Catholic Genreal lily crushed Fredericks army at WHite moutain in 1620 ending the Bohemin phase

59
Q

What starts the Danish phase

A
  • King Christian of Denmark
    • invades the Northern HRE to help Protestants
60
Q

Why did Christan actually invade HRE

A

wanted more land

61
Q

What happens when Christian invades

A

Easily beaten back to Denmark

62
Q

Why was Maimilian thrown out of power after winning

A

HRE Ferdinand now afraid of Maximilian growing power turns his armies over to a mercenary von Wallenstein

63
Q

What did Ferdinad do in response to Wallenstiens 100000 man army dominating HRE

A

Ferdinand issued the edict of Restitution in 1629

64
Q

What did Edit of Restitution do

A

pay back millions for crimes against catholics

65
Q

Who starts swedish phase

A
  • King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
    • Protestant champion
    • Lutheran
66
Q

Why did King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden come to invade

A

religous reasons; machiavelli would not like that

67
Q

Who funded Aldophus

A
  • Adolpus was Bankrolled by Dutch and Cardinal Richelieu from France to weaken HRE
68
Q

What battles did Aldophus win

A

He won a great victory for the Protestants at Breitenfeld in 1630 that probably saved the Protestant cause in HRE

69
Q

Where did Aldphus die

A

GA killed in 1632 at Batlle of Lutzen by Wallenstiens army

70
Q

What happens to Wallenstein and his army

A

Ferdinand has him assassinated because he was jealous

71
Q

What ends the 30 years war

A

Peace of Westphalia

72
Q

What does the Peace of Prague say

A

The protestant HRE princes want to drop out of the war but they want to stop reparations

73
Q

Who and why keeps the 30 years war running

A

Richelieu because it makes HRE more weak

74
Q

Where was the French army sent at the beginning of the French phase

A

Richelieu sent the French army into the HRE to aid the Swedes

75
Q

What causes the Peace of Westphalia

A

Stalemates that just kill everyone

76
Q

What did the Peace of Westphalia call for

A

rescinded the Edict of Restitution, legal status to Calvinist, recognized switz and netherlands and gave freedom to german princes to rule their own way

77
Q

Who were the winners of the 30 year war

A

France, Calvanist and Austria and Brandenburg

78
Q

Who were the losers of the 30 year war

A
  • HRE emperor
  • catholics
  • the citizens
  • Sweeden army
79
Q

when did francis I reign?

A

1515-47

80
Q

when did henry ii of france reign?

A

1547-59

81
Q

when did charles IX of france reign?

A

1560-74

81
Q

when did francis ii of france reign?

A

1559-60

81
Q

when did Henry III of france reign?

A

1574-89

82
Q

when did henry IV of france reign?

A

1589-1610

83
Q

What was the response to the besiegement of Vienna

A

1571 the holy leauge

84
Q

When and where was the start of the Ottoman turkish threat

A

1529 Turks besieged Vienna

85
Q

who made up the Holy leauge

A

Spain, venice and pope

86
Q

What did the holy leauge send to do

A

sent fleet under Don juan of Austria to confront turks in mediterranean

87
Q

Who is Don Juan

A

Don juan is Phillips illegitament half brother

88
Q

Where did don juan and turks meet

A

Lepanto

89
Q

Result of Lepanto

A

largest naval battle of 16th century of Lepanto
Great Christan victory as 39k turks were killed

90
Q

Richest part of Phillips empire

A

Netherlands

91
Q

Who was in charge of the Netherlands

A

Phillips Half sister Mararet of Parma

92
Q

Who did Margeret of Parma appoint into lieutenatn

A

Duke of Granvelle

93
Q

What harm did margerat of parma do to the Netherland states

A

turned the semi autonomus states into loyal subjects

94
Q

nicknames for William of Nassau

A

William the silent

95
Q

What did William of Nassau rule

A

Prince of Orange

96
Q

What is the comprimise

A

where dutch nobles from Calvanism and lutherism come together to fight back agaisnt Margret

97
Q

Phillip II response to the Comprimise

A

sent the Duke of ALba to suppress them, also taxes for cost of suppressing the revolt

98
Q

Duke of Alba nicknames

A

prince of blood and council of blood

99
Q

When did the netherlands revolt turn into all of the provinces

A

1576 when spanish looted antwerp killing 7k

100
Q

What united netherlands to fight against Margerete

A

The pacification of Ghent

101
Q

Who led the forces against netherlands at the end

A

Don Juan but defeated

102
Q

Result of the netherlands revolt

A

Unuion of Utrecht

103
Q

what is the union of Utrecht

A

norhtern 7 netherlands form union

104
Q

what is the union of arras

A

the southern 10 of netherlands form union

105
Q

what are the Hapsburg-Valois Wars?

A

The war between French and the Spanish Habsburg. settled in 1559 when the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis was signed. Spain was the victor. a major distraction for Charles V

106
Q

what is the massacre of vassey?

A

massacre that started the period of religious wars in France, 63 huguenots were burned alive inside their church

107
Q

Catherine de medici married her daughter ____ to ________

A

marguerite, henry ii

108
Q

why did Catherine marry her daughter to henry II?

A

to try to kill him in the morning at st Bartholomew’s

109
Q

Philip responds to the execution of mary by…

A

launching his armada and removing elizabeth by force

110
Q

Lepanto 1571

A

Place in England where Don Juan became governor, spanish victory made them seem invincible

111
Q

philip ii daughter is?

A

isabella

112
Q

what is the most conservative germanic state?

A

when fredrick the elector of palatine makes calvinism the official religion

113
Q

what were the four phases of the 30 years war?

A

Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French

114
Q

what was the battle of Breitenfeld?

A

In 1631, the combined Protestant forces under Gustavus Adolphus defeated Tilly’s imperial Catholic army at this place near Leipzig. saved protestant cause

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