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AP EURO > Enlightenment > Flashcards

Enlightenment Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

what is the point of the enlightement

A

applied logic to different areas of life

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2
Q

demographic of philophes

A

upper middle class educated

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3
Q

opponents of the enlightement

A

monarches

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4
Q

first philospher

A

voltaire

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5
Q

why did voltaire flee to great britian

A

to escape the improsonment of Louis XV

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6
Q

What did voltaire write in great britian

A

letters on the english, praising limited monarch

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7
Q

how did voltaire help science

A

translated newtons work into a cliffnotes version in french for others to read

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8
Q

last voltaire

A

candide, 1759, satirized war

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9
Q

french women durig enlightement

A

read books at salons and attracted fancy people

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10
Q

big 4

A

voltaire, montesque, rousseau, diderot

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11
Q

what did montesque do before this

A

noble of the robe. judge

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12
Q

who wrote a satire of the french society, name of book?

A

montesque write persian letters in 1721

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13
Q

What is montesques main political involvement

A

wrote spirits of law, 3 branches of government, scientfic approach

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14
Q

who was rousseaus

A

low class, wrote about economics a bit

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15
Q

origional marxist?

A

discourse on the orgin of inequality by rousseaus

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16
Q

what was rousseau social contract theory

A

all men born free with chains, everyone should vote on laws, freedom was law

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17
Q

2 important jews of enlightement

A

baruch spinoza and moses mendelson

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18
Q

who was diderot

A

publisher, encylopedia of enlightenment 1751-1772

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19
Q

what did spinoza write?

A

Theologial poltical treatise of 1670, says to approach bible like any other book

20
Q

what did mendelson write

A

on eclesiastical power in judiasim in 1781

21
Q

why was medelson hated

A

said that jew is not the only correct way to a religious life

22
Q

who wrote the book on justice of this time

A

Beccaria wrote crimes and punishements, rational judgement

23
Q

who were the physucocrates

A

quesanay and adam smith

24
Q

what did quesnay write about

A

attacked mercantalism, no internal or external tarrifs

25
Q

what did adam smith talk about

A

greed no governemtn regulation, lassiz faire

26
Q

what did adam smith write

A

wealth of nations

27
Q

what other topic did adam smith write about

A

a human societal evolution explination for why imperliasim is good

28
Q

white mans burden

A

kipplings, educating savages is white mans burden

29
Q

Who had the largest impact on women during this time period

A

rousseau, He published “ Emile” which stated they should be educated on how dumb they are

30
Q

What are enlightened despots

A

people who use their ruling power to a more rational society

31
Q

why would a ruler be englightened

A

to increase a part of their society, economics

32
Q

examples of enlightened despots

A

Fred II uniformed law, Catherine the great, Joseph II

33
Q

Most enlightened despot

A

Joseph II, relioigus toleration, abolishes sefdom, equal taxation, equal crim

34
Q

how does Joseph II overstep

A

tried to centeralize authority and this was restricted by the magyars aka hungarians

35
Q

what was joseph II main target in reforms

A

the catholic church independence, priest turned to government employees

36
Q

how does catherine the great become very reformative

A

she is from germany and is more in touch of their enlightenment ideas

37
Q

what gave catherine power as she is a forgiener women

A

she got 500 members of legistaltur to make reformations but they did not come up with anything so she used that as proof to rule herself

38
Q

how does catherine ally the nobles

A

charter of nobility gave local authority to nobles

39
Q

what is catherine the great main goal

A

grab a warm water port, crimea

40
Q

how does russia get crimea

A

war with ottomans, beat them in1774

41
Q

what gave russia authority in crimea

A

the treaty of kuccha - kanji gave them Crimea and access to Mediterranean, also Danube river

42
Q

what does catherine the great clam to be in the ottoman empir

A

the protector of the orthodox Christians

43
Q

What did fred the great propose to prevent an austrian russia war

A

russia give land on danabue and is compensated with polish land

44
Q

what does prussia get from the austrian russian proposal

A

land to connect prussia and east prussia, from poland

45
Q

when was teh 2nd partition of poland

A

1793

46
Q

when was the 3rd partition in poland

A

1795, during the French revolution, poland disapears

47
Q

what is the result of the enlightened despots

A

grow older and more conservative, dies out after french revolution.

AP EURO (20 decks)

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