Enlightenment Flashcards
what is the point of the enlightement
applied logic to different areas of life
demographic of philophes
upper middle class educated
opponents of the enlightement
monarches
first philospher
voltaire
why did voltaire flee to great britian
to escape the improsonment of Louis XV
What did voltaire write in great britian
letters on the english, praising limited monarch
how did voltaire help science
translated newtons work into a cliffnotes version in french for others to read
last voltaire
candide, 1759, satirized war
french women durig enlightement
read books at salons and attracted fancy people
big 4
voltaire, montesque, rousseau, diderot
what did montesque do before this
noble of the robe. judge
who wrote a satire of the french society, name of book?
montesque write persian letters in 1721
What is montesques main political involvement
wrote spirits of law, 3 branches of government, scientfic approach
who was rousseaus
low class, wrote about economics a bit
origional marxist?
discourse on the orgin of inequality by rousseaus
what was rousseau social contract theory
all men born free with chains, everyone should vote on laws, freedom was law
2 important jews of enlightement
baruch spinoza and moses mendelson
who was diderot
publisher, encylopedia of enlightenment 1751-1772
what did spinoza write?
Theologial poltical treatise of 1670, says to approach bible like any other book
what did mendelson write
on eclesiastical power in judiasim in 1781
why was medelson hated
said that jew is not the only correct way to a religious life
who wrote the book on justice of this time
Beccaria wrote crimes and punishements, rational judgement
who were the physucocrates
quesanay and adam smith
what did quesnay write about
attacked mercantalism, no internal or external tarrifs
what did adam smith talk about
greed no governemtn regulation, lassiz faire
what did adam smith write
wealth of nations
what other topic did adam smith write about
a human societal evolution explination for why imperliasim is good
white mans burden
kipplings, educating savages is white mans burden
Who had the largest impact on women during this time period
rousseau, He published “ Emile” which stated they should be educated on how dumb they are
What are enlightened despots
people who use their ruling power to a more rational society
why would a ruler be englightened
to increase a part of their society, economics
examples of enlightened despots
Fred II uniformed law, Catherine the great, Joseph II
Most enlightened despot
Joseph II, relioigus toleration, abolishes sefdom, equal taxation, equal crim
how does Joseph II overstep
tried to centeralize authority and this was restricted by the magyars aka hungarians
what was joseph II main target in reforms
the catholic church independence, priest turned to government employees
how does catherine the great become very reformative
she is from germany and is more in touch of their enlightenment ideas
what gave catherine power as she is a forgiener women
she got 500 members of legistaltur to make reformations but they did not come up with anything so she used that as proof to rule herself
how does catherine ally the nobles
charter of nobility gave local authority to nobles
what is catherine the great main goal
grab a warm water port, crimea
how does russia get crimea
war with ottomans, beat them in1774
what gave russia authority in crimea
the treaty of kuccha - kanji gave them Crimea and access to Mediterranean, also Danube river
what does catherine the great clam to be in the ottoman empir
the protector of the orthodox Christians
What did fred the great propose to prevent an austrian russia war
russia give land on danabue and is compensated with polish land
what does prussia get from the austrian russian proposal
land to connect prussia and east prussia, from poland
when was teh 2nd partition of poland
1793
when was the 3rd partition in poland
1795, during the French revolution, poland disapears
what is the result of the enlightened despots
grow older and more conservative, dies out after french revolution.
