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ANHP 205 > The Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

The Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Potential space and numerous peritoneal folds between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. This includes a sterile space extending from abdomen to pelvis

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2
Q

What are some differences in peritoneal cavity between male and females?

A

The cavity is closed in males and open in females

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3
Q

How much serous fluid is in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Small amount

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4
Q

What is the function of the peritoneum?

A
  1. Lubricated membrane that wards off infection (serous membrane)
  2. Supports the layer that anchors structures that limits mobility
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5
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A
  1. Parietal
    • Covers abdominal and pelvic walls
  2. Visceral
    • Covers solid and hollow viscera
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6
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs?

A
  1. Liver (except bare area)
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Spleen
  4. Stomach
  5. Ovaries
  6. 1st part of duodenum
  7. Transverse colon
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7
Q

What are the two peritoneal folds?

A
  1. Mesenteries
  2. Omentum
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8
Q

What are the mesenteries?

A

Peritoneal folds connecting small and large bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

What does the mesenteries do?

A
  1. Supports vessels, lymph and nerves
  2. Prevents twisting
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10
Q

What is included in the mesenteries?

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Mesocolons
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11
Q

How is the mesentery shaped?

A

Double layer fold which is large and fan shaped

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12
Q

What does the mesentery enclose?

A

Jejunum and lieum

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13
Q

Where does the mesentery connect?

A

Connects above bowel to posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum attached to the colon

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15
Q

What are the two types of mesocolon?

A
  1. Transverse mesocolon
  2. Sigmoid mesocolon
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16
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

Connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

What is the sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Attaches the sigmoid to posterior abdominal wall

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18
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum, which extends from the stomach to intraabdominal sites

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19
Q

What are the two folds of the omentum?

A
  1. Greater Omentum
  2. Lesser omentum
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20
Q

What is the greater Omentum?

A

Apron like fold which connects the greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon.

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21
Q

Where is the greater omentum positioned in cavity?

A

From stomach it drapes Inferiorly and anterior over transverse colon and intestine. Then it turns posterior on itself, then superior to attach at the transverse colon

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22
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to the visceral surface of liver

23
Q

What is the peritoneal sacs?

A

Large potential spaces

24
Q

What are the two potential peritoneal sacs?

A
  1. Greater sac
  2. Lesser sac (smaller spaces associated with each major sac)
25
Q

What is the greater sac?

A

Amounts for most space in peritoneal cavity which extends from the diaphragm to pelvis which is the width of abdomen/pelvis

26
Q

What does the greater sac communicates with?

A

Lesser sac in epigastric region

27
Q

Where is the greater sac located?

A
  1. Anterior to lesser sac superiorly
  2. Posterior to lesser sac Inferiorly
  3. Surrounds small bowel Inferiorly
  4. Superior to pelvic structures
28
Q

What is the lesser sac?

A

Communicates with greater sac, Another name is Omental bursa

29
Q

What is the location of the lesser sacs?

A
  1. Posterior to stomach**
  2. Anterior to pancreas **
  3. Posterior and inferior to liver
  4. anterior to transverse colon
  5. Anterior to left kidney
  6. Extends to splenic hilum
30
Q

What are the openings between sacs known as?

A
  1. Neck
  2. Epiploic foremen
  3. Foremen of Winslow
  4. Omental foramen
31
Q

Where are the openings between sacs?

A

Portal triad at porta hepatic aligns with anterior margin of opening

32
Q

What are the compartments of peritoneal?

A
  1. Supracolic
  2. Infracolic
33
Q

What are the two categories of the supracolic?

A
  1. Subphrenic
  2. Subhepatic
34
Q

What is the categories of the infracolic?

A
  1. Paracolic gutters
  2. Pelvic reflections
35
Q

Where is the subphrenic located?

A

Between diaphragm and anterior and superior diaphragmatic surface of liver.

36
Q

What does the falciform ligament do for the subphrenic?

A

Boundary for right and left spaces

37
Q

Where is the subhepatic located?

A

Inferior to visceral surface of the liver.

38
Q

What is the subhepatic categorized into?

A
  1. Right: Contains morison’s pouch
  2. Left: Anterior to antrum of stomach
39
Q

What is Morison’s pouch?

A

Right posterior subhepatic space

40
Q

Where is Morison’s pouch located?

A

Anterior to RK and posterior to RLL and is the most dependent part of the subhepatic space

41
Q

What are the two spaces of the infracolic compartment?

A
  1. Right paracolic gutter
  2. Left paracolic gutter
42
Q

What is the right paracolic gutter?

A

Space between ascending colon and right lateral abdominal wall

43
Q

What is the left paracolic gutter?

A

Space between descending colon and left lateral abdominal wall

44
Q

What is the retroperitoneum?

A

Structures located posterior to the peritoneal cavity, which is anchored to the posterior wall, and lined anteriorly by peritoneum.

45
Q

How much mobility does the retroperitoneum have?

A

Limited

46
Q

What are structures in the retroperitoneal structures?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Adrenals
  4. Pancreas (except a small portion of the tail)
  5. Duodenum (2, 3, 4 parts)
  6. Aorta and IVC
  7. ascending/ descending colon
47
Q

What are the boundaries of the retroperitoneum?

A
  1. Posterior to peritoneal cavities
  2. Anterior to transversalis fascia
    Extends from diaphragm to pelvic brim
48
Q

What are potential spaces of the retroperitoneal?

A
  1. Anterior pararenal space
  2. Posterior pararenal space
  3. Perirenal space
49
Q

Where is the anterior pararenal space located?

A

Immediately posterior to peritoneum and between parietal peritoneum of the posterior cavity and the anterior renal fascia which crosses midline.

50
Q

What does the anterior pararenal space contain?

A
  1. Ascending and descending colon
  2. 2nd, 3rd, 4th part of duodenum
  3. Head and body of pancreas
51
Q

What is the perirenal space?

A

Area enclosed by renal fascia that contains perirenal fat

52
Q

What does the perirenal space surround?

A

Kidneys and adrenal glands, also lymph nodes and blood vessels

53
Q

Where is the posterior pararenal space?

A

Posterior to renal fascia, between posterior renal fascia and transversalis fascia of abdominal wall. No solid organs and little fat

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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