Peripheral Vasculature Flashcards
What are the three different types of blood vessels in the body?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What are the Arteries?
- Strong and flexible
- Blood flows from arteries to arterials
- High pressure system
What are veins?
- Less elastic than arteries
- Blood flow from venues to veins
- Low pressure system
What are the capillaries?
- Links between arteries and veins
- Webs of microscopic vessels
- Main exchange between blood and tissue fluid, gases, waste
What are the three layers of vessel walls?
- Tunica Intima (inner)
- Tunica media (middle)
- Tunica Adventitia (outer)
What are the differences with between the arteries and veins?
- Tunica media: the arteries are thicker and holds shape of vessel while the vein has a thinner tunica which allows for compressibility
- Valves: The arteries have none and flow controlled by systole and muscle contractions. Meanwhile, the veins have valves and a one at flow towards hearts, and are located in the upper and lower extremities
- Veins are deep and superficial
Blood supply to the arms comes from branches of the aortic arch. What are they?
- Brachiocephalic or innominate
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian
What is the Brachiocephalic or innominate?
- 1st branch on the Aortic arch
- Anterior position relative to other vessels
What is the left common carotid artery?
- 2nd branch of Aortic arch
- Middle and posterior to innominate artery
What is the left subclavian?
- 3rd branch off aortic arch
- Most posterior branch on arch
In the right arm the Brachiocephalic trunk does what?
Divides into two branches
- Right CCA
- Right subclavian artery
The subclavian arteries travel towards what?
Shoulder and become a axillary arteries at the level of the numeral head
What is the axillary artery?
- Extension of the subclavian artery
- Originates at numeral head
- A short segment that travels along the axillary
What is the brachial artery?
- Located at upper/ mid humerus axillary becomes brachial
- Continues to elbow
- Divides into ulnar and radial arteries
What is the radial arteries?
- Travels along lateral forearm to wrist
- Thumb side
What is the ulnar artery ?
Travels along medial forearm to writs
What are the palmar arteries?
- Distal extensions of radial and ulnar arteries
- Form deep and superficial arches in hand
What are the digital arteries?
Arteries to fingers
What are the digital and palmer veins?
- Returns blood from fingers and hands
- Palmar arches (superficial and deep)
What are the radial veins?
Ascend along lateral aspect of forearm
What is the ulnar vein?
Ascends along medial aspect of arm
The radial and ulnar veins unite where ?
Inferior to elbow to form brachial veins
What are the brachial veins?
- Often paired
- Travel superior to join Basilic vein
- Union of basilic and brachial veins form axillary vein
What is the axillary vein?
- Travel up medial aspect of arm
- Passes behind clavicle to become subclavian vein
What is the subclavian vein?
- Travel posterior and superior to clavicle
- Continues horizontal towards heart
Where are the right and left Brachiocephalic veins formed?
Formed by the junction of the subclavian veins and jugular veins
What forms the superior vena cava? And where does it drain into?
Right and left Brachiocephalic veins do, and they drain into right atrium
What are three superficial veins?
- Cephalic veins
- Basilic vein
- Median cubits vein
What does the cephalic vein do?
- Starts at lateral aspect of hand
- Ascends along lateral arm
- drains directly into axillary vein
What is the basilic vein?
- Starts at medial aspect of hand
- Ascends along posterior medial aspect of arm
- Located medial to brachial veins
- Joins brachial vein to form axillary vein
What are the arteries of lower extremities?
- Aorta
- Common iliac arteries
- Internal iliac arteries
- External iliac arteries
What is the Aorta?
Bifurcates at the L4 into right and left Common iliac arteries
What are the common iliac arteries?
- Travel Inferiorly and slightly laterally in pelvis
- Arteries pass laterally and anterior to CI veins
- Divides into internal and external IA
What is the internal iliac arteries?
- Descends posterior and medial into pelvis
- Supplies the pelvic viscera and muscles
What are the external iliac arteries?
Travel laterally towards leg
What is the common femoral artery?
External iliac becomes the CFA at the inguinal ligament
What is the superficial and deep femoral arteries?
The CFA bifurcates to become the superficial femoral artery (Femoral artery) and the deep femoral artery (profunda artery)
What is the popliteal artery?
1.The Superior femoral artery travels down the thigh and passes through the adductor canal to become the popliteal artery.
2. Posterior to knee
3. Popliteal artery anterior to popliteal vein
What is the anterior tibial artery?
- Branches off the popliteal artery
- Travels along anterior part of lower leg
- Becomes dorsalis pedis arteries in foot
What is the tibioperoneal trunk arteries
Branches into the posterior Tibial artery (posterior and medial) and the peraneal artery (posterior and lateral)
What is the deep venous system?
Accompany the arteries and share same names
What is the superficial venous system?
Veins superficial to deep fascia
What are the perforating veins?
Connects deep and superficial venous systems
What are the deep veins of the lower extremities?
- Anterior tibial veins
- Posterior tibial veins
- Perineal veins
What are the anterior tibial veins?
- Ascends along anterior aspect of lower legs
- Unite to form anterior tibia trunk which drains into the popliteal vein
What is the posterior tibial veins?
- Ascend along posterior and medial aspect of lower leg
- Drain into tibioperoneal trunk
What are the perineal veins?
- Lie deeper than posterior tibial veins
- Run adjacent to the fibula (posterior and lateral aspect of the lower leg)
What is the popliteal vein?
- Union of anterior tibial trunk and the tibioperoneal trunk
- Posterior aspect of knee
- Vein is posterior to artery **
- Becomes superficial fearless vein superior to knee and adductor
What is the superficial femoral vein?
The Popliteal vein becomes the SFV superior to the knee AKA femoral vein
What is the Common femoral vein?
The SFV (FV) joins the DFV (profunda) at the inguina ligament to become the CFV
What is the external iliac vein?
- As it enters the pelvis, the CFV becomes the External iliac veins
- Superior and medial course
- Joints internal iliac vein to form CIV
What is the common iliac vein?
- Forms at the level of SI joint
- The CIV unites at L5 to form the IVC
- CI veins are posterior to arteries
What is the greater saphenous vein (GSV)
- Longest vein in body
- Medial aspect of leg
From foot to groin - Empties into the CFV
What is the lesser saphenous vein?
- Ascends along the calf lateral to GSV
- Empties into popliteal vein
