Male Pelvis Flashcards
What is the male reproductive organs responsible for?
Producing sex hormones and contributing to Male characteristics
Male reproductive organs are both what?
External and internally
What is the scrotum?
Sac like structure continuous with the abdominal wall
What is located in the scrotum?
- Testes
- Epididymus
- Part of the ductus (vas) deferents
Externally the Scrotum is divided into what?
Median ridge (Raphe, septum)
What is the Dartos
Thin muscular layer which lies below the skin of the scrotum, which divides the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a testis
Where the does the Dartos merge with?
Merges centrally to form the internal scrotal septum
What is the cremaster?
Structure that surrounds each tests and arise from internal oblique muscles in the abdomen
What does the cremaster do?
Lifts and lowers tests away from body
What do the testes do?
Produce sperm and male sex hormone (testosterone).
How is the testes developed?
Arise in fetal abdomen and descend into the scrotum after 7th month of pregnancy
What is the testes?
Ovoid, paired glands which are suspended in the scrotal sac
What is the approximate size of the testicles?
L 5cm
W 3cm
H 3cm
What is the Tunica Albuginea?
Dense outer capsule adhering to both testes which has extensions that project inward (septa) and divides testis into lobules?
Where does the Septa converge?
Mediastinum
What is the tunica vaginalis?
Thin, outer layer, serous sac derived from peritoneum. Which consists of two layers
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?
Visceral: covers testes
Parietal: lines the scrotum
How is the parenchyma divided in the testicules?
Divided into lobes which contain seminiferous tubules.
How many lobules are in each testis?
200-400
What is the seminiferous tubules?
1-3 convoluted tubes per lobe which is the zone of sperm production.
Where does the seminiferous tubules converge and empty into?
Converges towards the mediastinum and empties into the straight tubule towards the rete testis
What is the straight tubule?
Connects the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis
What is the mediastinum testes?
Wedge of connective tissues on posterior aspect of the tests, which run continuous with tunica albuginea and interlobar septa
What is the function of the mediastinum testes?
Structure support for entering and exiting testicular vessels and ducts, which encloses the rete testis
What is the rete testis?
Network of ducts in posterior aspect of testis with ducts located within the mediastinum testis.
What are the two ducts in the rete testis?
- Inlet: straight tubules
- Outlet: Efferent duct
What is the efferent duct?
Ducts exiting the rete testis and connecting to the ductus epididymis
What is the pathway in the testis?
- Lobules
- Seminiferous tubules
- Straight tubules
- Rete testis
- Efferent ductules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferents and onward
What is the epididymis?
Single, tightly coiled duct, which is located on posterior arterial surface of testis
How big is the epididymis normally?
~6 m long and 1 mm in diameter
What is the function of the epididymus?
Storage and maturation of sperm which consists of 3 parts
What are the three parts of the epididymis?
- Head
- Body
- Tail
What is the head of the epididymis?
Largest portion, which is superior to testis and formed by the efferent ducts
What is the body of the epididymis?
Located along posterolateral aspect of the testis, ductus epididymis along length of body to tail
What is the tail of the epididymis?
“Globes minor” which empties into ductus deferents within spermatic cord at inferior border of testis
What is the ductus deferents (vas deferents)?
Tube from tail of epididymis to ejaculatory duct which ascends in spermatic cord through inguinal canal
What is the path of the ductus deferents?
Enters the pelvis
1. Travels along lateral pelvic walls towards posterior bladder
2. Crosses between ureter and bladder
3. Descends medial to SV and ureters
4. Joins ejaculatory duct near base of bladder
5. Opens into prostatic urethra
What is the spermatic cord?
Paired tough covering extending from each testis to pelvis which provides protection
What does each of the spermatic card encase?
- Vas deferents
- Arteries and veins
- Lymph and nerve
What are the seminal vesicles?
Paired accessory glands (coiled tubes) which joins vas deferents to form the ejaculatory duct.
What does the secretions of the seminal vesicles provide?
Energy for sperm
What is the location of the seminal vesicles?
- Posterior inferior aspect of bladder
- Lateral to vas deferents
- Superior to prostrate gland
- Anterior to rectum
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Extensions of the seminal vesicles which direct the SV secretions to the prostatic urethra.
How does the ejaculatory duct travel?
Obliquely in the posterior aspect of the prostrate
What is the prostate?
Fibromuscular and glandular tissue which as a conical shape.
What travels centrally through the prostate?
Proximal urethra
What ducts descend Inferiorly through the prostate?
Ejaculatory ducts descends Inferiorly through the posterior gland to open into the prostatic urethra
How is the glandular portion of the prostate divided?
Into three zones
What are the zones of the prostate?
- Peripheral
- Central
- Transitional
What is the peripheral zone of the prostate?
Largest zone which posterior and lateral to the distal prostatic urethra which is bound by a surgical capsule.
What zone is the most common site for prostate cancer?
Peripheral
What is the central zone of the prostate?
Extends from base to verumontanum which surrounds ejaculatory ducts, and between the peripheral and transitional zones
What is the transitional zone?
Usually the smallest zone of the prostate which is Located on the lateral aspects of proximal urethra
What is the base of the prostrate gland?
Superior portion of gland and adjacent to neck of bladder
What is the apex of the prostrate gland?
Inferior portion of gland which is contact with pelvic diaphragm
What is the location prostrate glands?
- Midline and inferior to bladder
- Superior to pelvic diaphragm
- Anterior to rectum
- Posterior to symphysis pubis
What is the penis?
External reproductive organ
What is the penis made up of?
3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and muscle
What is the corpora cavernousa?
Located dorsilateral and becomes enlarged when filled with blood
What is the corpus spongiosum?
Mid-ventral location which encircles the spongy urethra
What are the testicular arteries?
Arise from aorta below renal Artie’s
Where do the testicular veins drain?
Right drains into IVC, left into LRV
What does the pudendal arteries do?
Supplies blood to penis and urethra
What does the pudendal arteries branch off of?
Internal iliac arteries
What is the pudendal Venus plexus?
Main venous drainage of the penis
What is the posterior cul-de-sac?
Rectovesicular pouch or pouch of Douglas between bladder and rectum
What is the space of retzuis
Between symphysis and bladder
