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ANHP 205 > Male Pelvis > Flashcards

Male Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male reproductive organs responsible for?

A

Producing sex hormones and contributing to Male characteristics

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2
Q

Male reproductive organs are both what?

A

External and internally

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3
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

Sac like structure continuous with the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What is located in the scrotum?

A
  1. Testes
  2. Epididymus
  3. Part of the ductus (vas) deferents
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5
Q

Externally the Scrotum is divided into what?

A

Median ridge (Raphe, septum)

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6
Q

What is the Dartos

A

Thin muscular layer which lies below the skin of the scrotum, which divides the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a testis

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7
Q

Where the does the Dartos merge with?

A

Merges centrally to form the internal scrotal septum

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8
Q

What is the cremaster?

A

Structure that surrounds each tests and arise from internal oblique muscles in the abdomen

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9
Q

What does the cremaster do?

A

Lifts and lowers tests away from body

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10
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Produce sperm and male sex hormone (testosterone).

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11
Q

How is the testes developed?

A

Arise in fetal abdomen and descend into the scrotum after 7th month of pregnancy

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12
Q

What is the testes?

A

Ovoid, paired glands which are suspended in the scrotal sac

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13
Q

What is the approximate size of the testicles?

A

L 5cm
W 3cm
H 3cm

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14
Q

What is the Tunica Albuginea?

A

Dense outer capsule adhering to both testes which has extensions that project inward (septa) and divides testis into lobules?

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15
Q

Where does the Septa converge?

A

Mediastinum

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16
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Thin, outer layer, serous sac derived from peritoneum. Which consists of two layers

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17
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Visceral: covers testes
Parietal: lines the scrotum

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18
Q

How is the parenchyma divided in the testicules?

A

Divided into lobes which contain seminiferous tubules.

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19
Q

How many lobules are in each testis?

A

200-400

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20
Q

What is the seminiferous tubules?

A

1-3 convoluted tubes per lobe which is the zone of sperm production.

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21
Q

Where does the seminiferous tubules converge and empty into?

A

Converges towards the mediastinum and empties into the straight tubule towards the rete testis

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22
Q

What is the straight tubule?

A

Connects the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

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23
Q

What is the mediastinum testes?

A

Wedge of connective tissues on posterior aspect of the tests, which run continuous with tunica albuginea and interlobar septa

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24
Q

What is the function of the mediastinum testes?

A

Structure support for entering and exiting testicular vessels and ducts, which encloses the rete testis

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25
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

Network of ducts in posterior aspect of testis with ducts located within the mediastinum testis.

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26
Q

What are the two ducts in the rete testis?

A
  1. Inlet: straight tubules
  2. Outlet: Efferent duct
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27
Q

What is the efferent duct?

A

Ducts exiting the rete testis and connecting to the ductus epididymis

28
Q

What is the pathway in the testis?

A
  1. Lobules
  2. Seminiferous tubules
  3. Straight tubules
  4. Rete testis
  5. Efferent ductules
  6. Epididymis
  7. Vas deferents and onward
29
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Single, tightly coiled duct, which is located on posterior arterial surface of testis

30
Q

How big is the epididymis normally?

A

~6 m long and 1 mm in diameter

31
Q

What is the function of the epididymus?

A

Storage and maturation of sperm which consists of 3 parts

32
Q

What are the three parts of the epididymis?

A
  1. Head
  2. Body
  3. Tail
33
Q

What is the head of the epididymis?

A

Largest portion, which is superior to testis and formed by the efferent ducts

34
Q

What is the body of the epididymis?

A

Located along posterolateral aspect of the testis, ductus epididymis along length of body to tail

35
Q

What is the tail of the epididymis?

A

“Globes minor” which empties into ductus deferents within spermatic cord at inferior border of testis

36
Q

What is the ductus deferents (vas deferents)?

A

Tube from tail of epididymis to ejaculatory duct which ascends in spermatic cord through inguinal canal

37
Q

What is the path of the ductus deferents?

A

Enters the pelvis
1. Travels along lateral pelvic walls towards posterior bladder
2. Crosses between ureter and bladder
3. Descends medial to SV and ureters
4. Joins ejaculatory duct near base of bladder
5. Opens into prostatic urethra

38
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

Paired tough covering extending from each testis to pelvis which provides protection

39
Q

What does each of the spermatic card encase?

A
  1. Vas deferents
  2. Arteries and veins
  3. Lymph and nerve
40
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

Paired accessory glands (coiled tubes) which joins vas deferents to form the ejaculatory duct.

41
Q

What does the secretions of the seminal vesicles provide?

A

Energy for sperm

42
Q

What is the location of the seminal vesicles?

A
  1. Posterior inferior aspect of bladder
  2. Lateral to vas deferents
  3. Superior to prostrate gland
  4. Anterior to rectum
43
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Extensions of the seminal vesicles which direct the SV secretions to the prostatic urethra.

44
Q

How does the ejaculatory duct travel?

A

Obliquely in the posterior aspect of the prostrate

45
Q

What is the prostate?

A

Fibromuscular and glandular tissue which as a conical shape.

46
Q

What travels centrally through the prostate?

A

Proximal urethra

47
Q

What ducts descend Inferiorly through the prostate?

A

Ejaculatory ducts descends Inferiorly through the posterior gland to open into the prostatic urethra

48
Q

How is the glandular portion of the prostate divided?

A

Into three zones

49
Q

What are the zones of the prostate?

A
  1. Peripheral
  2. Central
  3. Transitional
50
Q

What is the peripheral zone of the prostate?

A

Largest zone which posterior and lateral to the distal prostatic urethra which is bound by a surgical capsule.

51
Q

What zone is the most common site for prostate cancer?

A

Peripheral

52
Q

What is the central zone of the prostate?

A

Extends from base to verumontanum which surrounds ejaculatory ducts, and between the peripheral and transitional zones

53
Q

What is the transitional zone?

A

Usually the smallest zone of the prostate which is Located on the lateral aspects of proximal urethra

54
Q

What is the base of the prostrate gland?

A

Superior portion of gland and adjacent to neck of bladder

55
Q

What is the apex of the prostrate gland?

A

Inferior portion of gland which is contact with pelvic diaphragm

56
Q

What is the location prostrate glands?

A
  1. Midline and inferior to bladder
  2. Superior to pelvic diaphragm
  3. Anterior to rectum
  4. Posterior to symphysis pubis
57
Q

What is the penis?

A

External reproductive organ

58
Q

What is the penis made up of?

A

3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and muscle

59
Q

What is the corpora cavernousa?

A

Located dorsilateral and becomes enlarged when filled with blood

60
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Mid-ventral location which encircles the spongy urethra

61
Q

What are the testicular arteries?

A

Arise from aorta below renal Artie’s

62
Q

Where do the testicular veins drain?

A

Right drains into IVC, left into LRV

63
Q

What does the pudendal arteries do?

A

Supplies blood to penis and urethra

64
Q

What does the pudendal arteries branch off of?

A

Internal iliac arteries

65
Q

What is the pudendal Venus plexus?

A

Main venous drainage of the penis

66
Q

What is the posterior cul-de-sac?

A

Rectovesicular pouch or pouch of Douglas between bladder and rectum

67
Q

What is the space of retzuis

A

Between symphysis and bladder

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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