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ANHP 205 > Kidney’s And Adrenals > Flashcards

Kidney’s And Adrenals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the kidney’s?

A

Maintain chemical balance via
1. Water
2. Electrolytes
3. Blood pressure regulation
4. pH balance

And excretes liquid waste products

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2
Q

What’s included in the urinary tract anatomy

A
  1. Kidney’s
  2. Ureters
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
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3
Q

Where are the kidney’s located?

A

Obliquely around the T12- L4 and are retroperitoneal

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4
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

Left kidney higher because of the liver

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5
Q

Regular length of the kidney is?

A

9-12

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6
Q

Anatomy wise where is the kidney’s located?

A
  1. Lateral to spine, AO and IVC
  2. Anterolateral to psoas muscles
  3. Anterior to quadratics lumborum muscle
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7
Q

Where does the upper pole of the kidney lie?

A

Posterior to the lower pole and medial to the lower pole

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8
Q

What are the renal architecture comprised of?

A
  1. Renal parenchyma
  2. Renal sinus
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9
Q

What is the renal parenchyma?

A

Outer portion of the kidney between renal capsule and the base of the renal pyramids, this includes outer cortex and inner medulla

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10
Q

What is the cortex of the renal parenchyma?

A

Sits between renal capsule and medulla which contain the function units (called nefron)

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11
Q

What are the renal columns of the cortex?

A

Cortex extending between the pyramids AKA columns of Bertin

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12
Q

What are the medullas?

A

Part of the renal parenchyma which is located between Cortex and renal sinus. They are the pyramids

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13
Q

Where is the base of the base of the medulla?

A

Pyramid base is orientated towards the cortex

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14
Q

Where is the tip or apex of the medulla?

A

The pyramid is projects medically towards the sinus

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15
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

Central/ medial aspect of the kidney which include
1. Minor calyces
2. Major calyces
3. Renal pelvis
4. Vessels

And are packed with fat.

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16
Q

Can you see the renal sinus on the ultrasound?

A

Yes it is hyperechoic on the ultrasound

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17
Q

What are the parts of the renal sinus?

A
  1. Minor calyx
  2. Major calyx
  3. Renal pelvis
  4. Vessels
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18
Q

What is the minor calyx?

A

Receive apex of pyramids and consists of approx 8-18

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19
Q

What are the major calyx of the renal sinus?

A

Receive urine from minor calyces, consist of 2-3

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20
Q

What is the renal pelvis of the renal sinus?

A

Flared portion of upper ureter and is posterior of the renal vessels

21
Q

Where are the vessels of the renal sinus located?

A

Renal vein is anterior to renal artery

22
Q

What are the coverings of the kidneys

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Renal fascia/ gerota’s fascia
  3. Perirenal fat
  4. Pararenal fat
23
Q

What are Normal variants of the kidney?

A
  1. Dromedary hump
  2. Hypertrophied column of Bertin
  3. Parenchyma junction defect
  4. Horseshoe kidney
  5. Ectopic kidney
24
Q

What is the dromedary hump variant of the kidney?

A

Localized bulge on the lateral border of the left kidney

25
Q

What is the hypertrophied column of Bertin variation?

A

Often indents the renal sinus and occurs in varying degree

26
Q

What is the variation parenchyma junction defect?

A

Defect located at the junction of the upper and middle third of the kidney

27
Q

What is the variation horseshoe kidney variation?

A

Congenital- fusion of the lower poles to the right and left kidney

28
Q

What is the horseshoe kidney variation?

A

Congenital- fusion of the lower poles of the right and left kidneys

29
Q

What is the ectopic kidney variation?

A

A kidney located outside of the normal renal fossa

30
Q

What are the ureters?

A

Paired muscular tubes that travel Inferiorly, retroperitoneal, and extend from renal hilum to posterior portion of the bladder, decreasing in diameter.

31
Q

Where is the ureters located?

A

Located anterior to the internal iliac arteries, and located posterior to the ovaries in the female pelvis

32
Q

What can pelvic pathology cause?

A

Obstruction to the ureter

33
Q

What are the ureters junction?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction (UP junction)
  2. Ureterovesicular junction (UV junction)
34
Q

What is the UP junction?

A

Junction between renal pelvis and ureter

35
Q

What is the UV junction?

A

Junction between lower ureters and bladder, and enter bladder on posterior inferior aspect.

36
Q

What is the bladder?

A

Hollow muscular organ, which is the reservoir for urine

37
Q

Where is the bladder located?

A

Anterior to uterus, vagina and rectum.

38
Q

What is the bladder shape?

A

Varies with distension

39
Q

What is the structures of the bladder?

A
  1. Apex
  2. Base
  3. Trigone
40
Q

What is the Apex of the bladder?

A

Superior portion covered by peritoneum

41
Q

What is the base of the Bladder?

A

Inferior portion of the bladder

42
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A

Triangular area at the base

43
Q

What are the bladder inlets?

A

Right and left UVJ

44
Q

What are the outlets of the bladder?

A

Urethra

45
Q

What are the adrenal glands?

A

Bilateral, retroperitoneal, pyramid shaped glands, and are “cap” on the superior pole of the kidneys

46
Q

Where do the adrenal glads sit?

A

Sit slightly medial to the kidney and separated from kidneys by perirenal fat and renal capsule

47
Q

What is the adrenal glands structured of?

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
48
Q

Where are the right adrenal glands located?

A

*1. Posterior and lateral to IVC
2. Posterior and medial to right liver

49
Q

Where is the left adrenal located?

A

*1. Posterior to the pancreatic tail
2. Posterior to splenic vessels
3. Posterior to stomach
4. Lateral to aorta

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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