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ANHP 205 > Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Female Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What does the female reproduction organs do?

A
  1. Production of sex hormones
  2. Production of ova
  3. Serves to protect and support developing embryo
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2
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Hollow, pear shaped muscular organ, which takes care of
1. menstruation
2. pregnancy
3. labor

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3
Q

How many walls is the uterus comrpised of?

A

3 layers

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4
Q

How long is the uterus?

A

7-9 cm in length

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5
Q

How is the uterus divided?

A

5 anatomical regions
1. Cervix
2. Isthmus
3. Body (corpus)
4. Cornua
5. Fundas

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6
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Lowest inferior portion which projects into upper vagina in a fixed position

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7
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Narrowed portion superior to cervix

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8
Q

What is the body (corpus) of the uterus

A

Largest portion of the uterus which is somewhat mobile

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9
Q

What is the fundus of the uterus?

A

Widest, rounded, superior portion of the uterus. It is also superior to the Fallopian tube insertion

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10
Q

How big is the endocervical canal?

A

2-3 in length

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11
Q

What is the internal OS of the endocervical canal?

A

Superior margin of the cervix which is also called the level of isthmus

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12
Q

What is the External OS of the endocervical canal

A

Inferior margin of cervix which opens into vagina

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13
Q

What does the uterine wall comprised of?

A
  1. Endomentrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
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14
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Innermost layer of the uterus which is highly vascular and composed of epithelial and glandular cells

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15
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

Middle layer of the uterus which is the thickest layer comprised of muscle

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16
Q

What is the perimetrium (serosa)

A

Thin outer layer of the uterine wall which contains serous peritoneum

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17
Q

Where is the uterine location?

A
  1. Anterior to rectum
  2. Inferior to peritoneum
  3. Medial to ovaries
  4. Posterior to bladder (full)
  5. Superior to bladder (empty)
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18
Q

What are some positions of the uterus?

A
  1. Anteverted uterus
  2. Antelexted uterus
  3. Retroverted
  4. Retroflexed
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19
Q

What is the anteverted uterus?

A

Anterior tilt of uterine body which formed an ~90 degree angle with cervix and vagina

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20
Q

What is a anteflexed uterus?

A

Anterior flex of body and fundus

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21
Q

What is a retroverted Uterus?

A

Body and fundus tilt posterior

22
Q

What is a retroflexed uterus?

A

Body and fundus flex more posteriorly,

23
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Long muscular tube which extends from cervix to external vaginal orifice. The spaces here form for fornices which upper canals encircle cervix

24
Q

Where is the vagina located?

A

Between the bladder and rectum

25
Q

What are some uterine variants?

A
  1. Uterus uterus
  2. Uterus didelphys (two of everything)
  3. Uterus Bicornis bicollis
  4. Uterus Bicornis unicollis (Heart shaped)
  5. Uterus sub septum
  6. Uterus unicornis (One tube)
26
Q

What are the Fallopian tubes also known as?

A

Uterine tubes or oviducts

27
Q

What are the Fallopian tubes?

A

Paired, muscular tubes that extend from cornea to the ovaries. Route for ovum to uterus and sperm to ovum, which is the location for fertilization.

28
Q

How big the fallopian tubes?

A

3 mm or less diameter

29
Q

What are the segments of the fallopian tubes?

A
  1. Interstitial or intramural
  2. Isthmus
  3. Ampulla
  4. Infundibulum
30
Q

What is the interstitial or intramural segment of the Fallopian tubes?

A

Narrowest part and located within uterine cornua

31
Q

What is the isthmus of the fallopian tubes?

A

Short, straight and narrow part which is adjacent to uterine wall

32
Q

What is the ampulla of the Fallopian tubes?

A

Longest section of the Fallopian tubes which widens laterally, which is the usual area of fertilization

33
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

The funnel shaped lateral portion of the Fallopian tubes, which contain the fimbria

34
Q

What is the fimbria of the infundibulum?

A

Finger like projections in which sweep the ovum towards the tube

35
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

The bilateral, ellipsoid (almond) shape storehouse for ova. Size varies with age, menstrual phase, pregnancy status

36
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

Production of estrogen and progesterone

37
Q

What is the ovarian size?

A

Post pubertal

Length: 3cm
Width: 2 cm
AP: 1cm (anterior to posterior)

38
Q

What is the ovarian location?

A

Located in the true pelvis, specially in the adnexa. The position is variable

Typically: lateral to uterus and posterior to broad ligament
Anterior to ureter
Anterior to internal iliac artery
Anterior to gonadal vessels

39
Q

In an ultrasound image in the reproductive ovary, how many anechoic follicles are normal

A

Multiple

40
Q

Where are the arteries in the pelvis?

A

Uterine arteries branches off the internal iliac arteries, which join the ovarian arteries at the level of the fallopian tunes

41
Q

What is the venous vasculature of the pelvis like?

A

Follows a similar course to the arteries

42
Q

What are the ligaments of the female pelvis?

A

Folds of peritoneum that anchor and support the female pelvic anatomy

43
Q

What is the board ligaments?

A

Not true ligaments which are the double fold of peritoneum that supports uterus and encloses the oviducts.

44
Q

What does the board ligaments do?

A

Divides pelvis into anterior and posterior compartments which prevents side to side movements

45
Q

What is the round ligaments?

A

Extends from lateral uterus to anterior pelvic wall, which is responsible for anterior tilt of uterus

46
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Between the ovary and lateral uterus

47
Q

What is the cervical (cardinal) ligament?

A

From lateral cervix to pelvic floor, which stabilizes cervix and prevents downward displacement of uterus

48
Q

What are pelvic spaces?

A

Potential spaces formed by peritoneum draping over pelvic structures

49
Q

Why must we be aware of pelvic spaces?

A

Awareness of these spaces can be important because fluid can drain into them

50
Q

What is the anterior cul-de-sac space?

A

Vesicourterine pouch which is peritoneum draped between the posterior bladder wall and anterior surface of uterus

51
Q

What is the posterior (curl-de-sac)

A

Also known as rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas. It has a peritoneum which drapes between the anterior rectum and posterior uterus, most depended portion of the pelvis

52
Q

What is the space of retzuis

A

Also known as Retropubic or prevesicular space. This is located between the symphysis pubis and anterior bladder and is filled with extraperitoneal fat

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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