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ANHP 205 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What is the liver?

A

Largest organ in the body

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2
Q

Is the liver intraperitoneal and what does it mean?

A

Yes, and it means that it is contained in the peritoneal

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3
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A
  1. Metabolic activities
  2. production and secretion of bile
  3. filtration of the blood
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4
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Right hypchondrium, epigastric region, may extend to the left hypchondrium.

Might be located in the RUQ, with the potential of crossing over to the LUQ

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5
Q

What is the surfaces of the liver like?

A
  1. Diaphragmatic
  2. Visceral
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6
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

A

Dome shaped (convex) and smooth

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7
Q

Which part of the liver is in contact with the diaphragm?

A

Anterior, superior and posterior portion in contact with diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

Posterior surface which is not in contact with the peritoneum, and has boundaries formed by coronary and triangular ligaments. This includes groove for IVC

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9
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Divides the anterior surface in the diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver.

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10
Q

What is the visceral surface of the liver located?

A
  1. inferior surfaces
  2. covered by peritoneum
  3. grooves and undulations due to contact with other abdominal organs
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11
Q

The liver can be subdivided into small units called what?

A

Lobes

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12
Q

To scan the liver what mode do we use in ultrasound?

A

Functional method

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13
Q

In the traditional method what are the 4 lobes divided into?

A
  1. Right lobe
  2. Left lobe
  3. Quadrate
  4. Caudate
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14
Q

What marks the boundary between the right and left lobe?

A

Falciform ligament

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15
Q

Between the left and right lobe which is bigger?

A

Right lobe

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16
Q

In the functional/ segmental method how is the liver divided?

A

It is divided into 3 lobes according to hepatic function. Each lobe has its own arterial and venous blood supply and biliary drainage.

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17
Q

In the functional method how do we divide the left and right lobes?

A

Using an imaginary line joining the IVC with the GB

18
Q

How is the right lobe segmented in the functional method?

A

The right lobe is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right intersegmental fissure

19
Q

What are landmarks of the right lobe of liver?

A

The right hepatic vein and the right portal vein run within the fissure and are used as ultrasound landmarks.

20
Q

How is the left lobe segmented/ divded?

A

The left lobe is divided into medial and lateral segments by the left intersegmental fissure

21
Q

What are landmarks used in the left lobe?

A

The left hepatic vein, portal vein and ligamentum teres run within the fissure and are used as ultrasound landmarks

22
Q

What is the caudate lobe?

A

Located posterior and superior in the liver and receives blood from both the right and left side of the liver

23
Q

What is Couinaud’s Classification?

A

Use to further subdivide the segments into 8 segments, which are numbered in clockwise fashion. Which is important for surgery.

24
Q

What is the smallest lobe in the liver?

A

Caudate lobe

25
Q

How is the caudate lobe marked in a ultrasound?

A
  1. Anterior boundary marked by the Left Portal vein.
  2. Posterior boundary marked by the IVC
26
Q

What is Reidel’s Lobe?

A

Normal Variant which is an inferior extension of right lobe that can extend caudally to iliac crests.

27
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Fibrous, stretchy attachments, that tether liver to abdominal cavity.

28
Q

Why are ligaments good for liver ultrasounds?

A

Several form the boundaries for lobes and segments

29
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

Ligament which divides the left lobe into medial and lateral portions.

30
Q

What does the ligamentum teres do in terms of segments?

A

Connects to falciform ligament on anterior and inferior surfaces. It also extends posteriorly on inferior surface to join to the ligamentum venosum.

31
Q

What is the Ligamentum teres a remnant of?

A

Left umbilical vein

32
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum?

A

Remnant of ductus venosus (fetus) which divides the left lateral lob and caudate lobe

33
Q

Where does the ligamentum venosum run?

A

Posteriorly from ligamentum teres at the level of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface

34
Q

What are fissures?

A

Groove, cleft or deep furrow in an organ.

35
Q

Does the liver have fissures?

A

It has several. Vessels and ducts travels within them

36
Q

What is the right intersegmental fissure?

A

Divides the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments

37
Q

What courses through the right intersegmental fissure?

A
  1. right hepatic vein courses through this fissure superiorly
  2. Right portal vein courses through this fissure more inferiorly
38
Q

What is the main lobar fissure?

A

Separates the functional right and left lobes

39
Q

What courses through the Main lobar fissure?

A

Main hepatic vein courses through this fissure superiorly and is used as an ultrasound landmark to divide the right and left lobes

40
Q

What is the left intersegmental fissures?

A

Divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments.

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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