The GI Tract

Question 1

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 1

1. Ingest food
2. Break it down
3. Distribute nutrients
4. Eliminate solid waste

Question 2

What are the 4 concentric layers from inner to outer of the GI tract?

Answer 2

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 3

What is the esophagus?

Answer 3

A muscular tube that courses through the thorax and pierces the diaphragm (around T10) which uses peristalsis and gravity to move food

Question 4

Where is the esophagus located?

Answer 4

Located anterior and left of aorta

Question 5

What is the GE junction

Answer 5

Terminal end of the esophagus “door to the stomach”

Question 6

What is the function of the GE junction?

Answer 6

Opens to allow food to enter stomach and closes to prevent stomach acids to move up

Question 7

Where is the GE junction located?

Answer 7

1. Inferior to the diaphragm
2. Anterior and slightly left of aorta
3. Posterior to the left lobe of the liver

Question 8

What is the stomach?

Answer 8

Pouch shaped organ responsible for the collection and breakdown of food and drink.

Question 9

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 9

Intraperitoneal and between the esophagus and duodenum

Question 10

In terms the quadrant method where the spleen it located?

Answer 10

Left upper quadrant

Question 11

What are regae?

Answer 11

Internal folds

Question 12

What are the parts of the stomach?

Answer 12

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
5. Curvatures

Question 13

What is the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 13

Entrance

Question 14

What is the fundus of the stomach

Answer 14

Rounded portion above the GE junction

Question 15

What is the body of the stomach?

Answer 15

Major portion of the stomach

Question 16

What is the pylorus of the stomach?

Answer 16

Antrum, canal - communicates with 1st part of duodenum

Question 17

How are the curvatures of the stomach divided?

Answer 17

Divided into lesser and greater

Question 18

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 18

6-7 meters in length

Question 19

Where is the small intestine located?

Answer 19

Right lower quadrant and Left Lower quadrant

Question 20

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 20

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 21

What is the duodenum?

Answer 21

Shortest portion or the epigastric region and connects to the pylorus at pyloric sphincter

Question 22

The duodenum can be divided into how many parts?

Answer 22

Four parts

Question 23

What is the superior and/or bulb of the duodenum?

Answer 23

1st part of the duodenum which is Intraperitoneal, anterior to pancreatic head and is posterior to gallbladder Fundus

Question 24

What is the four parts of the duodenum

Answer 24

1. Superior/ bulb
2. Descending
3. Transverse
4. Ascending

Question 25

What is the descending part of the duodenum?

Answer 25

Second part of the duodenum which is retroperitoneal, vertical portion of the duodenum. Which is located right lateral to pancreatic head and posterior to the transverse colon

Question 26

What is the transverse duodenum?

Answer 26

Third part of the Duodenum which is retroperitoneal, anterior to Aorta/IVS and inferior to pancreatic head

Question 27

What is ascending duodenum?

Answer 27

Fourth part of the duodenum which is retroperitoneal, inferior and medial to head of pancreas, anterior to aorta, and connects to jejunum

Question 28

What is the Jejunum?

Answer 28

Second part of the small intestine which is Intraperitoneal, tightly coiled, and mainly in umbilical region

Question 29

What is the Ileum?

Answer 29

Final and longest portion of the small bowel, which terminates at the junction of the cecum and ascending colon at ileocecal valve.

Question 30

What is the large intestines (colon)?

Answer 30

“Frames” small intestine, has a greater diameter than small bowel, and haustra

Question 31

What is the haustra?

Answer 31

Puckered sacs along length of colon

Question 32

What are divisions of the large intestines?

Answer 32

1. Cecum 2. Colon 3. Sigmoid 4. Rectum 5. Anus

Question 33

What is the Cecum?

Answer 33

Pouch like portion at origin of ascending colon. The appendix extends from inferior portion

Question 34

Where is the cecum located?

Answer 34

RLQ/ Right iliac region

Question 35

What is the Appendix?

Answer 35

Blind- ended tube which courses inferior and medial but variable

Question 36

How big is the appendix?

Answer 36

~ 6- 10 cm long

Question 37

What is the ascending colon?

Answer 37

Retroperitoneal structure that has superior path along the right flank.

Question 38

What is the hepatic flexors of the ascending colon?

Answer 38

90 degree curve in RUQ and connects ascending and transverse colon

Question 39

What is the transverse colon?

Answer 39

Intraperitoneal colon which travels horizontal across midline from hepatic flexure to splenic flexure.

Question 40

How are the flexure positioned in the body in relation to the transverse colon

Answer 40

More posteriorly

Question 41

What is the descending colon?

Answer 41

Retroperitoneal starts at splenic flexure. The splenic flexure more superior than hepatic flexure.

Question 42

What is the path of the descending colon?

Answer 42

Inferior path along left flank

Question 43

What is the sigmoid?

Answer 43

S shaped structure which is the terminal end of the colon located in the left inguinal and suprapubic region

Question 44

What is the rectum?

Answer 44

End of the Large Intestines located in the true pelvis in the pubic region.

Question 45

Where is the rectum located?

Answer 45

Posterior to bladder