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ANHP 205 > The GI Tract > Flashcards

The GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A
  1. Ingest food
  2. Break it down
  3. Distribute nutrients
  4. Eliminate solid waste
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2
Q

What are the 4 concentric layers from inner to outer of the GI tract?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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3
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

A muscular tube that courses through the thorax and pierces the diaphragm (around T10) which uses peristalsis and gravity to move food

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4
Q

Where is the esophagus located?

A

Located anterior and left of aorta

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5
Q

What is the GE junction

A

Terminal end of the esophagus “door to the stomach”

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6
Q

What is the function of the GE junction?

A

Opens to allow food to enter stomach and closes to prevent stomach acids to move up

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7
Q

Where is the GE junction located?

A
  1. Inferior to the diaphragm
  2. Anterior and slightly left of aorta
  3. Posterior to the left lobe of the liver
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8
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Pouch shaped organ responsible for the collection and breakdown of food and drink.

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9
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

Intraperitoneal and between the esophagus and duodenum

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10
Q

In terms the quadrant method where the spleen it located?

A

Left upper quadrant

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11
Q

What are regae?

A

Internal folds

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12
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
  5. Curvatures
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13
Q

What is the cardia of the stomach?

A

Entrance

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14
Q

What is the fundus of the stomach

A

Rounded portion above the GE junction

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15
Q

What is the body of the stomach?

A

Major portion of the stomach

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16
Q

What is the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Antrum, canal - communicates with 1st part of duodenum

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17
Q

How are the curvatures of the stomach divided?

A

Divided into lesser and greater

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18
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

6-7 meters in length

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19
Q

Where is the small intestine located?

A

Right lower quadrant and Left Lower quadrant

20
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
21
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

Shortest portion or the epigastric region and connects to the pylorus at pyloric sphincter

22
Q

The duodenum can be divided into how many parts?

A

Four parts

23
Q

What is the superior and/or bulb of the duodenum?

A

1st part of the duodenum which is Intraperitoneal, anterior to pancreatic head and is posterior to gallbladder Fundus

24
Q

What is the four parts of the duodenum

A
  1. Superior/ bulb
  2. Descending
  3. Transverse
  4. Ascending
25
Q

What is the descending part of the duodenum?

A

Second part of the duodenum which is retroperitoneal, vertical portion of the duodenum. Which is located right lateral to pancreatic head and posterior to the transverse colon

26
Q

What is the transverse duodenum?

A

Third part of the Duodenum which is retroperitoneal, anterior to Aorta/IVS and inferior to pancreatic head

27
Q

What is ascending duodenum?

A

Fourth part of the duodenum which is retroperitoneal, inferior and medial to head of pancreas, anterior to aorta, and connects to jejunum

28
Q

What is the Jejunum?

A

Second part of the small intestine which is Intraperitoneal, tightly coiled, and mainly in umbilical region

29
Q

What is the Ileum?

A

Final and longest portion of the small bowel, which terminates at the junction of the cecum and ascending colon at ileocecal valve.

30
Q

What is the large intestines (colon)?

A

“Frames” small intestine, has a greater diameter than small bowel, and haustra

31
Q

What is the haustra?

A

Puckered sacs along length of colon

32
Q

What are divisions of the large intestines?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Colon
  3. Sigmoid
  4. Rectum
  5. Anus
33
Q

What is the Cecum?

A

Pouch like portion at origin of ascending colon. The appendix extends from inferior portion

34
Q

Where is the cecum located?

A

RLQ/ Right iliac region

35
Q

What is the Appendix?

A

Blind- ended tube which courses inferior and medial but variable

36
Q

How big is the appendix?

A

~ 6- 10 cm long

37
Q

What is the ascending colon?

A

Retroperitoneal structure that has superior path along the right flank.

38
Q

What is the hepatic flexors of the ascending colon?

A

90 degree curve in RUQ and connects ascending and transverse colon

39
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

Intraperitoneal colon which travels horizontal across midline from hepatic flexure to splenic flexure.

40
Q

How are the flexure positioned in the body in relation to the transverse colon

A

More posteriorly

41
Q

What is the descending colon?

A

Retroperitoneal starts at splenic flexure. The splenic flexure more superior than hepatic flexure.

42
Q

What is the path of the descending colon?

A

Inferior path along left flank

43
Q

What is the sigmoid?

A

S shaped structure which is the terminal end of the colon located in the left inguinal and suprapubic region

44
Q

What is the rectum?

A

End of the Large Intestines located in the true pelvis in the pubic region.

45
Q

Where is the rectum located?

A

Posterior to bladder

ANHP 205 (20 decks)

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