The Nervous System Flashcards
what is the basic route a reflex takes through the nervous system?
stimulus —> receptor (sense organs) —> coordination (nervous system) —> effector (muscles/glands) —> response
if the stimulus is light what is the receptor?
eye
if the stimulous is sound or balance, what is the receptor?
ear
if the stimulus is smell, what is the receptor?
nose
if the stimulus is taste, what is the receptor?
tongue
if the stimulus is touch, pain, temperature or pressure, what is the receptor?
skin
what are the sense organs (receptors)
eyes
ears
nears
tongue
skin
what is in the central nervous system?
brain
spinal cord
(optic nerve)
what is in the peripheral nervous system?
nerves outside the CNS
what are the effectors?
muscle
glands
effector
an organ (muscle or gland) that brings about a response
nervous system
the vast network of nerves in the body
receptor cell
a cell that senses a stimulus and transmits the message along
stimulus
a detectable change in the environment
response
a change brought about following a stimulus
central nervous system (CNS)
the part of the nervous system that includes the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord
sense organ
a specialised organ with clusters of receptor cells that sense a change in the environment
brain
the control centre of the CNS
spinal cord
a bundle of nerves enclosed in the spine that connects neraly all parts of the body to the brain
reflex
involuntary and almost immediate response to a stimulus
neurone
(nerve cells)
specialised cells which transmits information through nerve impulses
nerve
(nerve cell = a single neuron)
a bundle of several neurones
nerve impulses
electrical sugnal (current) that travels along a neurone
where is the motor neurone
in the peripheral nervous system
where is the sensory neurone
in the peripheral nervous system
where is the relay neurone
in the central nervous system
label this motor neurone diagram
label this sensory neurone diagram
label this relay neurone diagram
which neurone is this
sensory neurone
which neurone is this
relay neurone
which neurone is this
motor neurone
cell body
the oart of the neurone which contains the nucleus
dentrites
extensiones at which nerve impulses are recieved from other cells at synapses and transmitted to the cell body
axon
extension which carried nerve impulses to other neurone or effector organ (muscle or gland)
myelin sheath
faty sheath which insulates the axon (preventing short-circuits of electrical impulses) and speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses; made of Shwann cells
reflex arc
the pathway through the nervous system that a reflex takes
what is the order of the reflex arc
stimulus —> receptor —> sensory neurone —> relay neurone (CNS) —> motor neurone —> effector —> response
sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone = coordination
label this reflex arc diagram
label this spinal cord diagram
what is the spinal cord made up of
long, thin, tubular bundle of nerves
what is the spinal cord enclosed by
vetebral column