Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

what is pollution?

A

substances released into the environment in amounts that cause harmful effects and which natural biological processes cannot easily release

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2
Q

what is the greenhouse effect?

A
  1. high energy, short wave radiation from he sun reaches the earth
  2. some energy is absorbed and warms up the earth
  3. some energy is re-emitted as long wave radiation
  4. some long wave radiatopm escapes into space
  5. some long wave radiation is absorbed by the greenhouse hases and re-emitted back to earth
  6. as a consequence the erath’s surface and the lower atmosphere is warmed up
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3
Q

why is the greenhouse effect good?

what would be the consequence for life on Earth without it?

A

without greenhouse gases, there would be no global warming

life as we know it would not be possible as the Earth would be the same temperature as the moon

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4
Q

name two gases that contribute to global warming

A

carbon dioxide

methane

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5
Q

what are the consequences of global warming?

A

polar ice caps would melt and sea levels would ise

change in rainfall patterns: more rain in some areas and less in others

extreme natural events such as hurricanes, storms, and earthquakes might result

the changes in climate would affect ecosystems and habitats and so threaten nature (species, wildlife)

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6
Q

how has the levels of carbon dioxide changed over the last 40 years?

A

levels have been fluctuating but rising quite significantly

it has increased from just below 330 concentration (ppm) to over 380 concentration (ppm)

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7
Q

why does carbon dioxide fluctuate during each year?

A

in autumn and winter the carbon dioxide levels increase as plants still respire but they have lost their leaves at this time so they absorb little crabon dioxide

in spring and summer trees have leaves and photosynthesis occurs quicker than they repsire so the carbon dioxide levels decrease

there are fewer trees each year so the levels cannot return to the levels of the previous summer

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8
Q

which countries are repsonsible for most CO2 emmisions?

A

Guyana

Canada

USA

Australia

New Zealnad

Malasia

Papua New Guinea

Zambia

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9
Q

what is the main reason for the increase in CO2 levels?

A

power stations (21.3%)

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10
Q

what are the reasons for the increase in CO2 levels?

A

industrial processes (16.8%)

power stations (21.3%)

waste disposal and treatment (3.4%)

land use and biomass burning (10.0%)

residential, commercial and other sources (10.3%)

fossil fuel retrieval, processing and distribution (11.3%)

agricultural byproducts (12.5%)

transportation fuels (14.0%)

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11
Q

what is the word equation for the burning of fossil fuels?

A

fossil fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

what is deforestation and does it increase levels of carbon dioxide?

A

= cutting down trees (and plants)

yes it does

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13
Q

what are some consequences of deforestation?

A

rise in levels of carbon dioxide

loss of roots anchor –> soil washed away –> leaching + erosion

loss of habitat –> some species extinct

disturbances of water cycle:

less trees –> reduced transpiration –> droughts

lack of stems, litter, trunks –> increased water runoff after rainfall –> floods

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14
Q

what is methane and doe sit cause levels of carbon dioxide to rise?

A

= an organic gas produced when microorganisms ferment larger organic molecules to release energy

yes it does

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15
Q

list three origins of increasing methane levels that contribute to global warming

A

decompostition of waste in landfill sites by microorganisms

fermentation by microorganisms in the rumen of and other ruminants

fermentation by bacteria in rice paddy fields

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16
Q

name two gases that contribute to acid rain formation

A

sulphur dioxide

nitorgen oxide

17
Q

where does an increase in sulphur dioxide and nitogen oxide come from?

A

volcanic eruptions and lightining (natural elements)

burning of fossil fuels (human causes)

18
Q

complete the equations for nitric acid and sulphuric acid (acid rain)

A

nitrogen oxides + water —> nitric acid

sulphuric dioxide + water —> sulphuric acid

19
Q

what are some consequences of acid rain?

A

death of trees

acidification of soil (reduces the uptake of water into roots)

acidification of lakes (fish killed)

erosion of buildings etc…

20
Q

where does an increase of carbon monoxide come from?

A

petrol and diseal (exhaust gases)

substances with carbon are burned with a limited supply of oxygen

21
Q

why are inceased levels of carbon monoxide dangerous?

A

human can die by asphyxiation (suffocation)

22
Q

name two molecules that contain carbon

A

carbon dioxide

glucose

23
Q

give two ways in which plants can release carbon into the air as carbon dioxide

A

respiration

ANOTHER ONE?

24
Q

how far can sulphur dioxide in the air be carried?

A

hundreds of miles