Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Heart, blood, vessels > Flashcards

Heart, blood, vessels Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do we need a circulatory system but amoeba don’t?

A

we are multicellular - every cell requires oxygen and glucose

carbon dioxide must be removed

big diffusion distance to the outside from the inside of our body

amoeba can diffuse as it has a small diffusion distance, doesn’t need a system to bring oxygen to the cell

we need a circulatory system to carry oxygen and glucose around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the components of the circulatory system and their functions?

A

heart = pump

blood vessels = transport route

blood = transport medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when given a diagram of the heart and talking about the left and right side, which side is which?

A

make the diagram your heart

i.e. your left is the left side, your right is the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the biggest artery in the body?

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the biggest vein in the body?

A

vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the plural of atrium?

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Label this structure of a heart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Label this coronary artery

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two circulations in the double circulatory system

A

pulmonary circulation

systematic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does pulmonary circulation do?

A

pulmanory circulation: transports blood to and from the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 with air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does systematic circulation do?

A

systematic circulation: transports blood to and from body to exchange O2 and CO2 with body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

put these in order starting with left atrium:

left atrium / vena cava / aorta / lungs / left ventricle / right atrium / pulmonary vein / right ventricle / pumonary artery /

A

left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta –> vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do valves do?

A

stop blood going backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is heart rate?

A

beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the normalheart rate of a person at rest?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

volume of blood pumped per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does exercise effect the heart rate?

A

muscles need more energy

rate of respiration increases

more oxygen and glucose needed

heart rate and force of beat (increases stroke volume) increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does stress/ anger/ fear effect heart rate?

A

“fight or flight” response - adrenaline makes heart beat faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fill in this blood flow through the heart diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does AV stand for when talking about the heart?

A

atrioventricular valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the process of the control of heart rate

A

osmoreceptors in aorta sense CO2 levels

cardiac centre in medulla recieves information via sensory nerve

cardiac centre sends nerve impulses via accelerator or decelorator nerves

pacemaker reacts and increases (or decreases) heart rate and force of eart beat –> blood pressure increases (or decreases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Label this control of heart rate diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the effects of adrenaline on heart rate

A

adrenaline released from the adrenal glands stimulates the pacemaker to increase heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Label this adrenaline and heart diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens when there is a blockage of the coronary artery?

A

bloosupply to area of hert muscle cut off

less oxygen and glucose reaches heart muscle

area of heart muscle cannot respire

–> heart attack (angina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Label this coronary heart disease diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are some risk factors of heart disease?

A

heredity (genetics)

diet of processed foods

high blood pressure

smoking

stress

lack of exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the effects of smoking on diseases of the heart?

A

smoking

high blood pressure

high transfats/high carbohydrates

these lead to damage arteries –> plaque builds up to repair arteries –> heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

name two blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

pulmonary artery

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what does hepatic mean?

A

of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does renal mean?

A

of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Label this blood circulation through the body diagram

A
34
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

where

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery: take oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

vein: brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

capillary: small vessels between arteries and veins for exchange of oxygen, CO2 and nutrients with cells (everywhere)

35
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

blood pressure

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery: high

vein: low

capillary: low

36
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

blood

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery: oxygenated, bright red

vein: deoxygenated, deep purple-red

capilary: red to purple red

37
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

structure

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery:

thick, elastic muscular wall

small lumen (diameter of artery)

vein:

thin wall with little elastic or muscle tissue

large lumen

capilary:

thin wall (one layer of endothelial cells)

very small lumes (RBCs travel single file)

38
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

valves

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery: no (exception - pulmonary artery and aorta)

vein: yes

capilary: no (too small)

39
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

diameter

(order = artery, vein , capilary)

A

artery: varies (2mm - 2cm)

vein: varies (4mm - 2.5-3cm)

capilary: 8µm-10µm

40
Q

Fill in this types of blood vessels table

A
41
Q

Label this vein

A
42
Q

what is a small/baby artery?

A

ateriole

43
Q

what is urea?

A

a small, toxic molecule

44
Q

what is a small/baby vein?

A

venule

45
Q

Label this diagram of capillaries

A
46
Q

why do veins have valves?

A

to stop backflow of blood because of low pressure

47
Q

why are capillaries walls only 1 cell layer thick?

A

shorter diffusion distance

48
Q

why do arteries have muscular walls?

A

to keep blood pressure high?

49
Q

which one is the only artery that dosn’t look bright red/

A

pulmonary artery

50
Q

why is injuring an artery more dangerous than injuring a vein?

A

higher blood pressure in arteries - lose alot of blood (life threatening)

51
Q

why is no body cell more than 0.05mm away from a capillary?

A

minimise diffusion distance

52
Q

what colour is oxygenated blood in diagrams?

A

red

53
Q

what colour is deoxygenated blood in diagrams?

A

blue

54
Q

Label this blood supply in the womb diagram

A
55
Q

what is the main function of the placenta?

A

to carry offspring

oxygen supply and glucose, vitamine, minerals

(top tip - nae the nutrients as shown above, sometimes just saying ‘nutrients’ doesn’t count)

56
Q

explain briefly how oxygen passs from the mother to the baby

A

oxygen diffuses from the mother’s capillaries –> intervillous space –> diffuses into villi –> moves into fetal viens

blood is circulated between mother and baby is not shared

57
Q

what functions does the placenta have?

A

hormone production - information to mother and baby, progesterone to stop menstruation during pregnancy

development so the embryo may grow

stops large molecules/ microbes (bacteria viruses) getting to fetus

58
Q

why is it important that the mother’s and fetus’ blood supply doesn’t mix?

A

the fetus, although not protected by harmful substance like microbes, is protected from infections from the mother and negative reactions from the mother’s immune system (immune system doesn’t attack baby)

59
Q

why can it be harmful for the developing baby if the mother smokes

A

cigarretes contain carbon monoxide which causes reduced birth mass as the fetus gets less oxygen

there is less oxygen in the mother’s blood which is circulated between mother and baby

small babies don’t survive as well

60
Q

label this composition of the blood diagram

A
61
Q

what is plasma?

A

the liquid part of the blood

62
Q

what is in plasma?

A

water (90%)

glucose

amino acids

mineral ions

CO2

urea

proteins (e.g.) - antibodies, hormones, clotting factors

carries heat around body

63
Q

what are leukocytes (leucocytes)?

A

white blood cells (cellular component of blood)

64
Q

how do leukocytes defend against disease?

A

phagocytes injest pathogens

65
Q

what do lymphocytes in leukocytes do?

A

produce antibodies

66
Q

what are platelets sometimes called?

A

thrombocytes

67
Q

what are platelets involved in?

A

blood clotting

68
Q

what do platelets produce?

A

fibrin

69
Q

label this blood clot diagram (platelts)

A
70
Q

HIgh levels of blood cholesterol can lead to narrowing of arteries. Suggest how this might affect the ability of the heart to function

A

less blood

less glucose

less (aerobic) respiration/more anaerobic respiration

lactic acid

increase in rate/heart works harder

increase in pressure

coronary artery

angina

clot

death/heart disease/heart attack

71
Q

fill in the blanks:

Antibiotic solution is given to the patient through a tube. The tube is connected to a vein in the arm of the patient using a needle. It is connected to a vein rather than an artery because veins have lower …… than arteries. The antibiotic travels to the heart in the largest vein in the body called the ….. . It enters a chamber called the right atrium, and passes to the right ….. before being pumped to the lungs in the …… artery. The antibiotic returns to the heart and eventually leaves the heart in the aorta, the largest ….. in the body. The antibiotic is then carried to the tissues where it leaves the smallest blood vessels called ….. . The antibiotic then kills pathogens called …… that were responsibile for the patient being very ill.

A

Antibiotic solution is given to the patient through a tube. The tube is connected to a vein in the arm of the patient using a needle. It is connected to a vein rather than an artery because veins have lower pressure than arteries. The antibiotic travels to the heart in the largest vein in the body called the vena cava. It enters a chamber called the right atrium, and passes to the right ventricle before being pumped to the lungs in the pulmonary artery. The antibiotic returns to the heart and eventually leaves the heart in the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The antibiotic is then carried to the tissues where it leaves the smallest blood vessels called capillaries. The antibiotic then kills pathogens called **bacteria **that were responsibile for the patient being very ill.

72
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

73
Q

What is the function of the haemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

transports oxygen

74
Q

What is the function of not haveing a nuecleus in red blood cells?

A

more space for the haemoglobin

75
Q

What is the function of the bioncave shape of red blood cells?

A

large SA/V ration

short diffusion distance

76
Q

What is the function of the thin membrane in red blood cells?

A

short diffusion distance

77
Q

What are four diseases of the blood?

A

sickle cell anaemia

iron deficiency anaemia

haemophilia

leukaemia

78
Q

What are the symptoms of sickle cell anaemia?

A

red blood cells become sickle shape - useless at carrying oxygen

tiredness

sore joint

pale eyelids, mouth and palms

79
Q

What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

dizzy

tiredness

80
Q

What happens if you have haemophilia? Who can get haemophilia?

A

only boys can get haemophilia because it acts on the x chromosome so girls, who have two, are protected (very rare for a woman to get it)

you don’t have enough clotting factors so you don’t stop bleeding

81
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

lots of lymphocytes (white blood cells) which become cancerous

Biology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions