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The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messengers that travel in theblood to activate target cells/organs

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2
Q

where are humans produced?

A

in glands

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3
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A

the system of glands that produce hormones

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4
Q

which hormones are produced in the pituitary gland?

A

FSH (to do with the menstrual cycle)
LH (to do with the menstrual cycle)

ADH

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5
Q

what is the function of FSH?

A

stimulates egg development

oestrogen secretion

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6
Q

what is the function of LH?

A

stimulates ovulation

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7
Q

what is the function of ADH?

A

control water content

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8
Q

what hormone is produced in the pancreas?

A

insulin glucagon

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9
Q

what is the function of insulin glucagon?

A

lowers blood glucos levels

raises blood glucose levels

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10
Q

what hormone is prodcued in the adrenal gland?

A

adrenaline

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11
Q

what is the function of adrenaline?

A

prepares body for physical activity

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12
Q

what hormones are produced in the ovaries?

A

oestrogen

progesterone

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13
Q

what is the function of oestrogen

A

female secondary sexual characteristics

repair of endometrium (womb lining)

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14
Q

what is the function of progesterone?

A

grown of endometrium

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15
Q

what hormone is produced in the testes?

A

testosterone

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16
Q

what is the function of testosterone?

A

male secondary characteristics

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17
Q

where is FSH produced?

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

where is insulin glucagon produced?

A

pancreas

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19
Q

where is LH produced?

A

pituitary gand

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20
Q

where is oestrogen produced?

A

ovaries

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21
Q

where is testosterone produced?

A

testes

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22
Q

where is adrenaline produced?

A

adrenal

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23
Q

where is ADH produced?

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

where is progesterone produced?

A

ovaries

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25
what is the difference between the form of message in the nervous system vs the endocrine system
nervous system = electrical impulses; chemical (nuerotransmitter) at synapse endocrine system = hormones (chemicals)
26
what is the difference between the how messages are carried in the nervous system vs the endocrine system
nervous system: neurones endocrine system: bloodstream
27
what is the difference between the time it takes for an effect to happen in the nervous system vs the endocrine system
nervous system = fast, usually instant effect endocrine system = more slowly, takes longer to act
28
what is the difference between the duration of effect in the nervous system vs the endocrine system
nervous system = short lived endocrine system = long lasting
29
what is the difference between the area of effect in the nervous system vs the endocrine system
nervous system = very localise (individual cells/muscle fibres) endocrine system = can be widespread (different organs)
30
ovary
these release eggs once a month
31
oviduct
(=fallopian tubes) eggs pass along these tubes and fertilisation occurs here
32
uterus
(=womb) this is where the foetus develops
33
cervix
this is the entrance to the uterus
34
vagina
this is where the sperm are recieved during intercourse and where the babies pass through during birth
35
label this diagram of where hormones are produced
36
label this front view of the female reprodcutive system
37
label this side view of the female reproductive system
38
what happens on days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?
menstrual flow
39
what happens on day 6-13 of the menstrual cycle?
egg maturation reapir of endometrium in preparation for fertilised egg
40
what happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?
ovulation (release of egg
41
what happens on day 15-17 of the menstrual cycle?
fertilisation possible growth of endometrium
42
what happens on day 18-28 of the menstrual cycle?
without fertilisation the egg dies breakdwon of the endometrium at the end of the cycle
43
what is the endometrium?
uterus lining thick tissue with lots of blood vessels
44
what is the function of the endometrium
provides nutrients and oxygen for implant embryo
45
complete this flow diagram of hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
46
complete this flow diagram of hormonal control of the menstrual cycle
47
complete this summary flow diagram of FOLP
48
what is a negative feedback?
when an effect is counteracted by its own influence
49
what are the negative feedbacks in the hormonal production of the mensrual cycle
FSH turn oestrogen on ---\> oestrogen cancels out FSH LH turns progesterone on ---\> progesterone cancels out LH
50
what is a positive feedback?
when an effect is enhanced by its own influence
51
what is the positive feedback in the hormonal production of the menstrual cycle
oestrogen activates LH ---\> activates pestrogen
52
what does oral contraception contain?
oestrogen or oestrogen and progesterone
53
what is the effect of oral contraception?
egg maturation and ovulation are inhibited fertilisation cannot take place
54
why do you still get your period when taking contraception
it still makes oestrogen and progesterone which creates the endometrium
55
why do you need to take the contraceptive pill every day?
pituitary gland could release an egg eggs can mature FSH and LH will be created - risk of fertilisation
56
complete this flow diagram for the hormonal production of the menstrual cycle when you take the contraceptive pill
57
how does an implant as contraception work?
goes underneath skin of arm can be used for up to 3 years contains progesterone
58
what are the advantages of an implant as contraception?
no need to take it every day
59
what are the disadvantages of an implant as contraception?
operation to insert the implant underneath the skin irregular periods
60
how does a patch as contraception work?
on skin every week for 3 weeks contains progesterone and oestrogen
61
what are the advantages of a patch as contraception?
no need to take every day, only once a week
62
what are the disadvantages of a patch as contraception?
side effects
63
what often causes infertility?
low FSH levels
64
what do fertility drugs contain?
FSH or stimulate FSH production
65
what are the effects of fertility drugs?
no egg maturation fertilisation cannot take place
66
complete this fertility treatment flow diagram
67
how does IVF work?
1. take fertility drugs that are used to make lots of eggs mature at the same time 2. eggs are collected from the ovaries 3. eggs and sperm are mixed in a petri dish 4. embryos develop in a petri dish and embryos are checked under a microscope 5. several healthy embryos are implanted into the uterus
68
if an egg is fertilised, the corpus lutem ...... break down and progesterone production .....
if an egg is fertilised, the corpus lutem **doesn't** break down and progesterone production **continues**
69
name gland X and hormone Y
gland X = pituitary gland hormone Y = FSH
70
give two efects of the hormone oestrogen on gland X
stimulates LH inhibits FSH production

Biology (24 decks)

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