Cells Flashcards
label this plant cell
label this animal cell
Nucleus
control centre of cell, contains genetic information
Cytoplasm
liquid gel in which most of chemical reactions take place
Cell membrane
selectively permeable, controls movement of material in and out of cell
Cell Wall
support and protection of plant cell
Mitochondrion
“Powerhouse” of cell (produces ATP by respiration)
Ribosomes
production of proteins
Chloroplasts
uses energy to make food by photosynthesis
Permanent Vacuole
stores food, water and waste in plants
Lysosome
special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell parts and large molecules
ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
transport of chemicals and proteins within cells
Golgi
modifies proteins to make them functional; and transports proteins within cells
Cytoskeleton
support structure within cells (skeleton); made of proteins
Organ
collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism
e.g. lungs
Organism
a living being
e.g. a human
Organelle
a functional structure within a cell
e.g. mitochondron
Organ System
a collection of organs that peform a specific function within an organism
e.g. the body
Tissue
a collection of connected cells that peforms a similar function within an organism
e.g. skin
Cell
the structural unit of an organism may exist as independant life
e.g. blood cell
List these in order of small to large: organism;organ system;tissue;organelle;cell;organ
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
How do you carry out a cheek cell experiment
You will need cotton buds, a clean microscope and cover slips, dilute methylene blue solution and a slide
Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a sterile cotton bud and then smear the scrapings onto the middle of a slide. Pour a drop of dilute methylene blue solution on top of the smear. Then cover with a slip (gently press cover slip to spread out cells) and observe under the microscope.
What does nutrition do?
supplies energy
What does respiration do?
releases energy in cells
Reproductive system
produces offspring
What does Growth and Development do?
increases size into adulthood
State two ways in which a typical plant cell differs from a typical animal cell
plant cells have a cell wall but animal cells don’t
animal cells don’t have chloroplasts but plants cells do because they make their own food
State two ways in which a bacterium differs from a virus
ribosomes are present in a bacterium but absent from a virus
DNA in bacteria floats freely in cytoplasm and has a cell wall and cell membrane but DNA in viruses are enclosed inside a coat of protein
Which type of living organism has cellulose cell walls?
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses
plants
Which type of these living organisms are all parasitic and have a protein coat?
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses
viruses
Which type of these living organisms are microscopic and contain circular DNA?
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses
bacteria
Which type of these living organisms have structures caled hyphae (some)?
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses
fungi
Which of these types of living organisms have cells which have a nucleus but no cell wall?
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses
animals
what structure is always present in plant cells but never in animal cells?
cell wall
what sturctures are where respiration takes place?
mitochondrion (singular)
mitochondria (plural)
name the large structure in plant cells that helps to keep a plant rigid
permanent vacuole
what is the liquid part of the cell where chemical reactions take place?
cytoplasm
name the small structures in all cells where proteins are made
ribosomes
name the structure that controls what goes in and out of cells
cell membrane
